ZEMCH 2015 - International Conference Proceedings | Page 468

The DB2 simulation results and the achievement of the Passive house requirements are clarified in the following table (Table 8). Table 8: DB2 energy consumption parameters and Passive house requirements. DB2 Heating* Cooling* Energy Annual heating demand (kWh/m2a) Heating load (W/m2) Overall space cooling demand (kWh/m2a) Cooling load (W/m2) Consumption parameters 0 14 15 11 Fulfil Passive house requirements X Primary Energy Energy reduction (kWh/m2a) through renewables (kWh/m2a) 223 - X *It is enough when only one of the parameters is fulfilled. The DB2 simulation results showed a remarkable reduction on the cooling demand and load; however, the primary energy consumption is kept high due to the inefficient mechanical systems of domestic hot water and air conditioning. Therefore, during the next step these systems should be upgraded. DB3 simulation The next step consists on improving the mechanical and electrical systems to obtain a higher energy performance. During this step the model will be called DB3 (Table 9) (Fig. 23). Table 9: DB3 building parameters. Building parameters Site DB3 Londrina, Brazil Treated floor External wall area TFA U-value (m2) (W/m2K) 66.67 0.369 Windows (including frames) U-value (W/m2K) Roof surface U-value (W/m2K) Floor slab U-value (W/m2K) Average thermal envelope 2.343 0.400 1.200 0.863 Figure 23: DB3 plan, section and domestic hot water heating system. In addition to the solar domestic hot water production, other systems were improved such as the insulation of the water pipes, the gas boiler efficiency and the lighting system is contemplated with 100% of compact fluorescent lamps (Table 10). 466 ZEMCH 2015 | International Conference | Bar