ZEMCH 2015 - International Conference Proceedings | Page 331

Table 6: Common Set of Intelligent Building Technologies found in all Case Studies Set 1 Set 2 (Set 2 comprises of Set 1 + the IBTs below) Lighting Management System Intelligent Security system- integration of CCTV, entry control devices, alarms and emergency security lighting Occupancy, Daylight sensors and Programmed timers for lighting Surveillance system with real time security feeds Operable windows and sun-shades with night-time air flush Computerised Smartcard access control system with proximity and contact cards Intelligent HVAC system with zoning and heat recovery Intelligent Visitor Access System Demand controlled ventilation system with CO2 monitoring Fire Protection System incorporating fire detection and Automatic sprinkler system Space temperature sensors Fire Protection system integrated with HVAC system to automatically cut off zones where smoke is detected Occupancy sensors for plug loads Addressable fire safety detectors to continuously take air samples and detect unusual fog Sub-metering CCTVs all over the building for fire monitoring PIR taps Smoke exhaust system that activates during a fire Water leak detection system IAQ management plan with temperature & humidity sensors and UV emitters Water usage monitoring Refrigerant leak detection system Energy usage monitoring Automated Destination-controlled lift system CO2 emissions monitoring Elevators with Smart Card access system IT networks for data transfer, integration and telecommunication (ICS) Guard Tour System to track security inspections Simulation tools for energy, light and economic modelling Multiple communications risers Building Management System (BMS) Intelligent AV control systems Energy Management System (EMS) Intelligent Document management system Facilities Management System (FMS) Soil moisture sensors Solar tracking devices for PV panels Simulation tools for airflow and temperature modelling It can be observed that almost all of the IBTs in Set1 contribute towards resource efficiency. These IBTs help with energy and water savings as well as CO2 reductions, hence leading to a linear rise in the graph. This led them to follow a linear path such that as intelligence increased, sustainability also increased. On the other hand, the buildings with a high number of IBTs usually had a larger variety of technologies in terms of their core intelligence function- resource efficiency, interaction, safety, comfort, etc. The IBTs in Set2 also contributed towards resource efficiency but at the same time there were a number of other IBTs used that primarily aided with other things such as convenience, comfort, security, increased connectivity, etc. This caused their sustainability scores to increase but not in a drastic one-to-one linear fashion but in a gradually rising curve. It can be inferred that the score increased due to the resource efficient IBTs present, but the score was adversely affected by some of the other IBTs. Though many of the technologies in Set2 are of higher intelligence, and continue to improve the overall intelligence of the building, they may not necessarily contribute towards the sustainability of the building in terms of the prescriptive parameters set by LEED and BREEAM rating systems. For example, lighting systems with occupancy and daylight sensors were created to improve energy efficiency. They were specifically designed to make energy saving smarter, while there are other systems: • Intelligent Security and access control system whose role is to make buildings safe. Building intelligence and sustainability using leed and breeam in the UK and Europe 329