T 2 weighted contrast agents based on Gadolinium Oxide nanoparticles
Daniyar Zholdasbay
Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University,
Astana, Kazakhstan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe technique applied in biological imaging for
disease diagnosis. Moreover, MRI is commonly applied for analysis of organs, soft tissues and
determination of cancer in patients. Contrast agents, which are magnetic materials, help to
obtain higher resolution. By having either paramagnetic or supermagnetic properties in
nanoparticles, signal intensity in MRI is increased. Presently, the interest of scientists is
focused on synthesis, characterization, and design of new multifunctional Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles
in biological imaging. Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles are considered as nanomaterials which
possess magnetic properties; furthermore, ions of gadolinium nanoparticles have shell form,
which contributes to good contrast in the MRI experiment. Another advantage of the
application of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with various surface coatings is non-toxicity
during conduction of an analysis. For example, during application of Gd 2 O 3 coated with
polyacrylic acid – rhodopsin B demonstrated great cell viability percentage, namely ~80% in
(U87MG) cancer cell lines, <95% in normal mouse hepatocyte cell lines (NCTC1469), <90%
in human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145), which proves the importance of selecting
appropriate surface coatings. Due to the fact that various biocompatible and water-soluble
surface coatings are applied, it reduces the toxicity of gadolinium. Consequently, Gd 2 O 3
nanoparticles can widely be used in various biological imaging techniques.
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