World Food Policy Volume/Issue 2-2/3-1 Fall 2015/Spring 2016 | Page 89

World Food Policy

Table 2. Headcount ratio with and without environmental income in terms of both
income and consumption poverty in Cambodia (2013)

Livelihood
cluster

Income poverty (USD 1.25 PPP)
With
environmental
income

Without
environmental
income

Consumption poverty
With environmental
consumption

Without
environmental
consumption

Estimate
(%)

Std. dev
(%)

Estimate
(%)

Std. dev
(%)

Estimate
(%)

Std. dev
(%)

Estimate
(%)

Std. dev
(%)

Cluster 1

39

49

55

50

38

49

52

50

Cluster 2

30

46

69

46

29

45

47

50

Cluster 3

29

45

33

47

13

34

18

38

Average

33

47

53

50

27

45

40

49

Note: definition of clusters: cluster 1: farming and low-skilled jobs; cluster 2: farming and environmental extraction; cluster 3: farming and self-employment or high-skilled jobs.
Source: based on Nguyen et al. (2015)

Environmental income and household access to livelihood activities related to
food security
the natural resource base is one of the
underlying causes of food insecurity.
3

This case study from Cambodia To identify which households might be
highlights the importance of the natural especially affected by environmental
resource base as an income source for degradation, 580 households were
certain livelihood activities of rural classified into 3 livelihood clusters: (1)
households. It is motivated by the fact that farming and low-skilled jobs, (2) farming
inhabitants from Stung Treng are strongly and environmental extraction, and (3)
affected by environmental degradation. farming and self-employment or highThis is confirmed from the survey with skilled jobs (Nguyen et al. 2015).
98% of the households reporting a loss in
We have calculated (1) the
forest resources, ~90% a decline in wild headcount ratio (poverty) using either
animals, and 86% depleting fish stocks USD 1.25 PPP per capita per day and
(Bühler et al. 2015a; 2015b). The unequal (2) the FCS with and without natural

3

We thank Thanh T. Nguyen, Leibniz University Hannover, for compiling this data as an add-on to
the paper from Nguyen et al. (2015).

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