World Food Policy Volume/Issue 2-2/3-1 Fall 2015/Spring 2016

World Food Policy Table 1. Overview of food security concepts and related indicators Concept Authors Indicator(s) Strength Weakness Agricultural output a) Readily available Access to natural resources b) Secondary statistics a) Weak correlation with food security Process indicators Availability Maxwell and Frankenberger (1992) Market infrastructure Access Maxwell and Frankenberger (1992) Migration b) One dimensional c) Imprecise a) Evidence on links to food security a) Primary surveys needed b) Measurable in surveys b) One-dimensional Household calorie intake Household recall surveys a) Only in quantitative terms Food consumption score (FCS) a) Consumption surveys a) Only yes-no information Sale of assets Collection of wild foods Outcome indicators Access Jones et al. (2013) Access WFP (2008a) b) Well accepted Access Access Access and utilization Hoddinot (1999), Hoddinott and Yohannes (2002) a) Can use consumption survey data a) 24 h recall surveys time consuming, b) Correlate with measures of food consumption b) No thresholds like in FCS Bilinsky (2006) Household food insecurity access scale Can easily be incorporated in surveys Questions may be culturally sensitive WHO (1986), Weight for age Svedberg (2011) Height for age Data easily collected in livelihood surveys a) Actual measurements are time consuming in surveys Swindale and Household diet diversity score (HDDS) Weight for height b) Do not cover nutrients which might be deficient Source: own presentation 83

World Food Policy Volume/Issue 2-2/3-1 Fall 2015/Spring 2016 | Page 83