WHO RIDES THE BUS: Examining Transit Ridership in Marion County WHO RIDES THE BUS

Appendix C: End Notes 1. There is some interest in who uses public transit, but studies often tend to combine the results of many onboard surveys into a broader analysis of transit ridership in the United States (see Neff, John and Larry Pham, “A Profile of Public Transportation Passenger Demographics and Travel Characteristics Reported in On-Board Surveys”, American Public Transportation Association, 2007, http://www.apta. com/resources/statistics/Documents / transit_passenger_characteristics_ text_5_29_2007.pdf and, more recently, Higashade, Steven, et al., “Who’s On Board 2016: What today’s riders teach us about transit that works”, TransitCenter, 2016, http://transitcenter.org/ wp- content/uploads/2016/07/Whos-On- Board-2016-7_12_2016.pdf). However, we have taken here a local approach. Results in this report may differ from those published elsewhere. 8. Hertz, Daniel, “When it comes to transit use, destination density matters more than where you live”, CityObervatory, http:// cityobservatory.org/when-it-comes-to- transit-use-destination-density-matters- more-than-where-you-live/. 2. Tan, Pang-Ning, Michael Steinbach, & Vipin Kumar, Introduction to Data Mining (Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2005), p. 491. 13. We treated this as a continuous variable. Future studies may attempt to capture hours worked per week as a continuous variable for clustering. 9. McKenzie, Brian & Melanie Rapino, “Commuting in the United States: 2009”, U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey Reports, https://www.census.gov/ prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf, p. 5. 10. Note that the Census considers only work- based trips in their commute mode share. 11. Anderson, Monica, “Who relies on public transit in the U.S.”, Pew Research Fact Tank, 2016, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2016/04/07/who-relies-on-public- transit-in-the-u-s/. 12. Higashade, Steven, et al.,2016, p. 27. 3. http://indyvitals.org/ 14. McKenzie, Brian & Melanie Rapino, p. 3. 4. Jarrett Walker and Associates, IndyGo Forward Volume II: Service Changes for 2016 (2015), p. 5. 15. Anderson, Monica, 2016. 5. Lochmueller Group and ETC Institute, IndyGo On-Board Transit Survey Final Report. (2017), p. 12. 6. http://indyvitals.org/ 7. Higashade, Steven, et al., “Who’s On Board 2016: What today’s riders teach us about transit that works”, TransitCenter, 2016, http://transitcenter.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/07/Whos-On- Board-2016-7_12_2016.pdf, p. 5. 15

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