Water, Sewage & Effluent January-February 2018 | Page 33

as much as 35% of water is being lost before reaching the consumer, while 56% of wastewater treatment works are poorly managed and are in a critical state. In terms of water treatment facilities, only 44% are reportedly in good shape. As a country, we are committed to providing universal access to water — we want everyone to have access to clean water. There has been considerable progress, with about 89% of the population reported to now have access to clean water, but we still need to improve the level of reliability of that water — which the research shows to be at only 63%. For a water-scarce country, we are also still using more water per person than we should. While the international water consumption average is 173 litres per person per day, South Africans use on average about 237 litres. Managing our water quality — as part of water resource management — has to involve an integrated approach, as the downstream users and the upstream dischargers are always interrelated. u About the author Manda Hinsch is a partner and principal scientist (Water and Environment) at SRK Consulting (SA). She has 35 years’ experience in the fields of water and waste, both nationally and internationally. Her areas of expertise include project management and coordination of environmental authorisations, water quality management, allocation, policy development and implementation; water resource management, and water use licence applications. innovations version of the unit used in India in 2016 and provides service to 100 users a day. That unit was connected to two electronic toilets in India. In South Africa, they will be connected to CABs. The second unit will ambitiously increase the capacity of the NEWgenerator 10-fold and serve 1 000 users a day. u The Hippo Roller is making the lives of communities easier when it comes to carrying water over long distances. SA’s Hippo Roller goes global The USF-developed NEWgenerator will be installed in Durban. Hippo Roller replaces the back-breaking task of carrying water for kilometres in rural areas, often through uneven terrain. Instead of using their head to carry a standard 20ℓ bucket of water, the Hippo Roller allows users to transport five times as much water as a traditional 20ℓ bucket. A South African product, the Hippo Roller is rolled on the ground and has been distributed in more than 29 countries. The project was established in 1994 to tackle the lack of access to water — a challenge in rural communities in South Africa. Millions of women and children struggle daily to collect water. It is for this group that the Hippo Roller has an immediate impact, by significantly improving their ability to collect more water, more efficiently, thereby empowering women to spend more time on education and other tasks in the home and community. The Hippo Roller Project leverages its relationships with sponsors, corporate partners, and NGOs to provide African communities with an immediate water solution. u Contact details Email: [email protected] Telephone SA: +27 (0) 82 944 4776 Telephone USA: +1 (518) 709 4807 Water Sewage & Effluent January/February 2018 31 Here, the authorities are not always able to collect all the revenue that is owed to them by consumers — which undermines the management and monitoring of both the water treatment and the wastewater treatment works under their control. Chlorine treatment remains the standard disinfectant in municipal water treatment plants and is the most effective of all methods of disinfection, considering the challenges faced in South Africa in terms of cost and resource capacity. Chlorine is, however, only effective if sufficient contact time is applied; technology like sand filters only removes the suspended solids but do not necessarily eliminate parasites, viruses, and bacteria. Ultraviolet and ozone technology is also an option, but is expensive and has its own limitations. Statistics South Africa has reported that