Vet360 Issue 2 Volume 3 | Page 36

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY SDMA can identify CKD much earlier than creatinine Advertorial Creatinine does not increase until renal dysfunction is severe SDMA GFR Creatinine GFR decreases as kidney function is lost Availability and use in practice IDEXX SDMA™ is currently available through the IDEXX reference laboratories worldwide. It is incorporated in any profile containing creatinine and also as a stand-alone test if one has done the initial work up in the clinic and wishes to add SDMA to the profiling. When to measure SDMA? As SDMA correlates with GFR the indications for measuring SDMA would be any patient where one wants to know what the GFR is. That could be be either to diagnose early CKD or to rule –out early CKD as a concurrent disease in other illnesses. SDMA is a part of your diagnostic toolbox and should always be interpreted together with creatinine, urinalysis and the clinical picture. In significantly dehydrated animals, the GFR will be decreased because of the viscosity of the blood, hence SDMA will also be falsely elevated. Therefore if you have dehydrated patients, it makes better sense to wait until after re-hydration to measure SDMA. Suggested patient types for SDMA measurement • • • • • • • Pu/Pd patients without azotaemia where there is suspicion of CKD For sub-staging CKD according to the IRIS staging guidelines (see: www.iriskidney.com) In particular feline patients with vague symptoms that could be related to CKD Patients with acute renal disease where it is desired to monitor progression Patients with lower urinary tract diseases where there is suspicion of ascending infection Senior patients where preventative care and wellness blood-testing is being done Patients in treatment with NSAID or other drugs that can potentially damage renal function April 2016 Vet360 for Madaleen Review.indd 36 • • • • Patients with Pu/Pd of other causes where one wishes to rule out concurrent kidney disease Hyperthyroid cats before and during medical treatment Pre-anaesthetic screening in at-risk patients Monitoring of at-risk patients (certain breeds) Experiences from other countries IDEXX SDMA™ was released in the US in the summer of 2015. Since then more than a million SDMA tests have been performed. Looking at the data gained form this, an even higher prevalence of renal disease than previously known has been demonstrated, supporting the theory that renal disease is underdiagnosed. The majority of the cases detected with SDMA are IRIS stage 1 and 2, thus they would not necessarily be diagnosed based just on a creatinine level. In particular in the older patients we see a higher prevalence of tests results where SDMA is elevated and creatinine normal. This is most likely due to the fact that older patients lose muscle mass, and thereby creatinine is lowered but renal disease is in fact present. SDMA is a new test and we are still learning. A great deal of research continues world-wide and currently there are studies being performed on topics such as: SDMA and the hyperthyroid cat, SDMA and cardiac function, SDMA in acute renal failure together with other acute renal biomarkers, SDMA as predictor of bone marrow suppression in patients undergoing chemotherapy etc. The results so far are very promising and the coming years will show how this early diagnosis affects the life of renal patients. 2016/03/24 2:24 PM