Upadhyaya September 2013 | Page 11
-|æ. bÕ+&ÉTs¡+>?es¡Á|ükÕ<äsêe?
s¡÷bÕsTT |ü‘·q+
s¡÷bÕsTT $\Te |ü‘·q eTe?‘·÷ n<Ûä: bÕ‘ê??ìøÏ #?s¡T‘?+~. @s¡Œ&ç+~. 1991?À q÷‘·q Ä]úø£ $<ÛëHê\qT ÁbÕs¡+_Û+?q Hê{Ï
E?…’ 28q ?ø£ &Ü\s¡T?£î s¡T. 68.80ô|’?£î #?]+~. ?ø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡ Ä]úø£ eT+Á‹, H?{Ï Á|ü<Ûëì eTH?àVü?Hé á $<ÛëHê\T ‘Ó#?à |òü*‘ê\T
ø±\+?À s¡÷bÕsTT $\Te <ë<ë|ü? 30% |ü&çb?sTT+~. uÛ?s¡‘· 20 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ‘·s¡Tyê‘· ‘Ó\TkÕÔj·Tì #ÓbÕŒs¡T. Ç|üŒ{ÏøÏ e?Ãq
bÕ\ø£esêZ\T s¡÷bÕsTT |ü‘·HêìøÏ |ü\Tø±s¡D?\qT #ÓãT‘·THêïsTT. |ò ü * ‘· + Ç~. ±ñqï bÕ]ÁXÊ$Tø£ ñ‘· Œ ‹Ô eè~? ? s ?T
Á|üuÛÑT‘·«y?T s¡÷bÕsTT$\TeqT >?D?j·T+>± ‘·–Z+?y?dæ+~.1947?À 2012`13 Hê{Ï ø Ï 1.2 XÊ‘êìøÏ |ü & ç b ?sTT+~. n±
?ø£ &Ü\s¡T?£î ?ø£ s¡÷bÕsTT $\Te nsTT‘? 66 dü+e‘·‡sê\?À 68 e´ekÕj·Ts¡+>?+?À eè~??s?T ?£L&Ü 1 XÊ‘êìøÏ |ü&çb?sTT+~. ?ø£
¬s?T¢ |ü&çb?e&É+ ªdü«‘·+Á‘·? uÛ?s¡‘· bÕ\?£î\T kÕ~Û+?q ª$»j·T+?. |üø£ÿ ?T‘·Tqï~. Á|ü»\ nedüsê\T ô|s¡T>?T
uÛ?s¡‘· bÕ\?£î\T nqTdü]düTÔqï Ä]úø£ $<ÛëHê\ |üs¡´ekÕqy?T s¡÷bÕsTT ‘·THêïsTT. ¬s+&?yÓ’|ü?q eè~??s?T eT+<ä–+#·&É+‘? ~>?TeT‘·T\ô|’
$\Te |ü‘·q+. eTTK´+>± 1991 qT+&ç Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ neT\T #?düTÔqï Ä<Ûës¡|ü&Ée\dæq |ü]dæú‹ @s¡Œ&ç+~.
q÷‘·q Ä]úø£ $<ÛëHê\T uÛ?s¡‘· Ä]úø£e´edüúqT |üsêBÛq+#?XÊsTT. á
ø£¬s+?T U?‘ê ?À?T ?£L&Ü $|üØ‘·+>± ô|]–b?‘·Tqï~.
$<ÛëHê\?À uÛ?>?+>±H? s¡÷bÕsTT$\Teô|’ ìj·T+Á‘·DqT uÛ?s¡‘· yêDÏ»´+?À ?T\T ñ+fÒ
nyÓT]ø± qT+&ç y?\ø??¢ &Ü\s¡T¢ n|ü?‘Ó#·TÃø=qï~.
<ëìøÏ ø£¬s+?T U?‘ê $T>?T\T nì ?À?T ñ+fÒ
Ä n|ü?rs¡Ã{?ìøÏ Á_?Hé?£î 60 dü+e‘·‡sê\T (?ø£ nyÓT]ø£Hé &Ü\s¡T?£î s¡÷bÕj·T\T) ø£¬s+?T U?‘ê?À?T nì n+{?s¡T. 2004?À
|ü{Ϻ+~. á Áø£eT+?ÀH? &Ü\s¡T, ã+>±sêìøÏ ã<äT dü+e‘·‡s¡+ e÷s¡ø£|ü?$\Te
eTH?àVü?Héd+>¥ Á|ü<ëì>± á j·TT.|æ.m. Á|üuT‘·«+
æ
Û
ÑÛ
\T>± e÷s¡ ? £ + >± Ä~Û | ü ‘ · ´ + #Ó ? ?sTT+#· & É + 1947
n~Ûø±s¡+?ÀøÏ e#?ÃHê{ÏøÏ ø£¬s+?TU?‘ê?À 13.5
1.00
ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ eTsTT+~. ?ø£ ?T\T ñqï~. ø±ì á‘=$Tà~
4.76
@edüTÔe?\T ø=Hê\Hêï &Ü\s¡¢?ÀH? #Ó*¢+|ü? ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ 1966
dü+e‘·‡sê\ j·TT.|æ.m. Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ø±\+?À $T>?T\T
7.50
eTsTT+~. <ëìø?dü+&Ü\s¡¢y?? ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTsTT+~. 1975
‘·T&ç?ô|?Tº?îb?sTT 88.2 _*j·THé &Ü\s¡¢ ø£s+{Ÿ
£
¬
10.40
Ä$<Ûä+>± &Ü\s¡T¢ ø£*–q nyÓT]ø± jÓTTø£ÿ Ä~Û 1980
U?‘ê ?À?T @s¡Œ&ç+~. n+fÒ <ë<ë|ü? 102
7.88
|ü‘·´+ yÓTT<ä\sTT+~. s¡÷bÕsTT n|üŒ{ÏqT+&ç 1985
_*j·THé &Ü\s¡T¢ á |ü<äT›qT+&ç ‘·s¡*b?j·÷sTT.
12.36
eTs¡\ &Ü\s¡T‘? eTT&ç|ü&ç+~.
ø£¬s+{ŸU?‘ê ?À?T |üP&ÉTÃø?e{?ìøÏ $± edü T Ô e ?\qT ñ‘· Œ ‹Ô # ? d æ 2006
48.33
eè~? y?>e+‘·+ ø±<äì #ÓãT‘·÷ á q÷‘·q Ä]úø£
?
38.48
$?*–‘? Ä ?T‘·T+~. 2008(pHé)
?>?T¢ u?s¡¢ ‘Ó]#ês¡T. $ ?"G?c
??Q?????(??????"k
???
?P?(?????+??.ic)p?????S?c
?K??P??P????L??"?#????c
?K?c
?SQs?
?P(???
?QqP????????%???????????%????????.ic
?(????)???c
???
??
?Q??
?????.w ????????.wK?
??.m?QQ#?????????"k
???
?P?+???
??
????
?????.w ?#.i?P?
????&?S
???%QqP????&?
???&???<+
?(?????
??t???????(?.ic
???
?
??.g????qQ???c
???"EQk?c?"h???)??Q?S????
?P??????c?"h????e??
??????????(????+. ?
???.ic
??????o???.ic)s?c?"h??.k????"EQ?S????????.w??+????????
????????&?S
?????? ??
???.w#O?e#?)???"EQ?S??????
?
?.w ???.k.w?&?P??&#
?0?p???????
????????
????
?P????????+l+??????[??&?t??
?S??#.h????
?c
????????????MQw?
?(????????
?P????????+??.ic
???
??.g???qQ????d??o??
????????&?P???????
?
?+
?+?+w????
????
?????????????"h??l?D???.w ??????????$?P??Q?(????+.w?&?P???&#
?????
???H???.ic
??? ??p??????%P??????.iP??+???e??
?????.w??