The New Social Worker Vol. 20, No. 3, Summer 2013

Federalism and Social Welfare Policy— The Case Study of TANF by Brad Forenza, MSW Over time, though, AFDC enrollment became less stringent. In 1960, there were almost one million AFDC beneficiaries; by 1996, there were almost five million (USDHHS, 2009). Similarly, the percentage of poor women receiving AFDC jumped from 5% in 1962 to 36% in 1994 (Casciano & Massey, 2008). In the waning years of the 20th century, AFDC’s vitality as an entitlement program was a political hotbed. As the liberal candidate for President, Bill Clinton (1992) announced his intention to “end welfare as we know it.” Four years later—with the aid of a conservative Congress—Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) into law. The act abolished AFDC and established TANF as the new program for poor families (colloquially, both programs are often referred to as “welfare”). Perhaps the most significant difference between AFDC and TANF is t H[??\?[??[YH[Z]???S??][^?][???[Z[\?K?Y\?[?ZY[[?\?[??YHH8?'?[?\?]?]????'H??\?[?]?\???\??Q??[?\?S??Y[?[?Y?X?X\?Y\?]\??Y?YH???HS???[\?[Y[?[?H[YH?X?Y?YY?HH[\[Y[?[???]H??\??\?Z[?][??Z\??[?[???[??H]?[??\[????HH8?'?[X?\???x?'H\??X?]?KS??\??Y[??X??\??[[?[?[???[Z[Y\???HX?X??[?\?H???X???[???]H???HHK??\\?Y[??X[[?[X[??\??X?\? ?JK?][?[[???Y[?[?S????Y???H[[???]?HZ[[?[?NNM??\??[???Z[[?[?? ??\??\??????]?\?X??]???[Z[Y\?]?H?\?Y[?HX??[??H?S???\?Y?\?????[?X\??XY?K ?H??]?[??][?]?Y????Y?[??Y\? ?H?[???\?Y?HH??X][?[?XZ[?[?[??H???\\?[??[Z[Y\?[? H?\??\??YYH?[Z[Y\???]?[?[??[??H?\?Y??[?Z\????Y\????]\?X?X[^?H\?H???Y?Y\?[?ZY[[?\??[?\?HX???[?????[?[??[??]X??H\?K?H^[Z[?HS???[??[??YH?]\?Z\??\??\K[?X[?K[??]??\??^K?X??\?H???[??X?]\?H?Z\?X?[Y[??H[???YH?X??[H ??YY][K[?Y?[???YK?\?X?]?[JK?HX???[???]H???HHK???[??\??\?X]H ?LJKZ\??\??\H\?HX\??X[H R?H8?'??\?8?'JH?]H[??\??][??]?]?\?Y?HYYX[??\?Z?[???YH??? ?L?LH?\? ? ?N\?YX\??X?\? M ?[??HYYX[?[???YH?H[?\?H[?]Y?]\? L? ??K??K??H?Z\??\??\x?&\??[][??%[?H[??H?Y?8?%\??ZY??H]?[??[??\?K????HH?[][?\??X?]?KZ\??\??\H\?[??H?X[\?????[?]\? ?N L???\?Y[??K?H?[??&\?[???YH??[H\??H[?\??K?\??]H?][??]?YYX[??\?Z?[???YH?\? ?K?X??[??\? ?LH?H?HYYX[??][?[[???YK?M? H??[??\?Y[??]?H?[???\?H]?[?H?[?[KH?[??\?Y[?Y?Y\??]??\??^H\?[[??H?X[Y\??]\?] ?KN?]??\??^x?&\?YYX[??\?Z?[???YH?\? N N[?H[?H?][??&\?K? H?]?[?\?H?[][??\??ZY?]?H[??\?K?H\?]?Y[??Y?H\?H??YY??]\?X??\?H\?[?[??\??H?[][??\?]?Y[?HYYX[??\?Z?[???YH?H?]H[?]?\??[?Y?H????]Y[??[??\?N?\?YYX[??\?Z?[???YH[??X\?\?H\??[?Y?H?[?]?YX[?]?[??[??\?HX?X\?\?????[\?\?H\??\?[??H???YYH?[Z[Y\? S??H^[\Y?Y\?H?????[????[K?\?X?H?[?[????H?[?\?[^?Y\???H\???YY??Y?H?Y\?[??\??Y[??]H?X?Y?X?]H[?\??X?][???\??X?\?\[????[K?\??Y\?[?]H\??\??\\?[?[\?[??H?????X[???\???[?\??[?\?X[?H???X[?X?Y\? ??[][?]H]?[?Y[??\?[??Y[?[X[[??\??H\?H[\[Y[?Y?[Z[\?K?H?\??[?X?]HX??]?[?????8?%?][?[?\??\?H??[?KY?[?]???\??\?H??Y?[??[Y\?????[?]\??%[??[\??]\?H??\???Y\?[\?K???[H?Y\?[??\??Y[??\??HH?\?[??Y?\??[??[\??[??[??Y?[][?????X[?[?\?H[??]?[?Y???X?Y\???][???]Y[??[???[?\?[H\]X[K???[?X?Y\??H[?X?Y[?Y?Y?H?]KX?K\?]H?\?\??Y?\????[?YY??H??Y\?^?[YH\??[?\?X?H??]\]Y\???\??\?K?[HH]\?^?[YH?Y??\??H???[HY??[X]Y[?[?? L??\?ZY?\??]?Y\??][?\?\?X?H^[Z[?\?\??Y\???Y\?[\?H?Z\?Y?HHS???????[????[K???S???X????[??HS??\?H?\?\??\?[??H???[H?????[Z[Y\??]\[?[??[?[??]??YX?\???HZY??[Z[Y\??]\[?[??[?[? Q??H???[K?\?\???\?Y[???[??[?[[??????]?[8?&\????X[?X?\?]HX??NL?K?H?Y?[?[[?[??Q???\????X??Y??????H?\?K???\\?[??[Z[Y\?[??[Z[Y\??]?][?]?Y????[?[??\?H^?YY????Y\?[\?H[?S???H\??\?[?????X??]??[?Y??H???X[[[?YHS?????[H\?X????[ L?]\??H\??[YH]?[??H]\?[\[Y[?Y??[K???[[X]X?[[Y[?? Z?H[YH[Z]?[Y?X?[]K[?????\]Z\?[Y[??H?[?H[????\?[????H?]H??]K?HK??YZ[?\??][????[?[?[??[Z[Y\? ?JH??\?]S??\???\?XZ[???[? JH??YX?HH\[?[??H??YYH\?[???H??[?[?????KB??\]X[]H[?Y\]XX?B?HH?[?Y?]?[\[Y[?[??H?X?H?Y\?[H Z?HH?Y?H[??\?[??H??\?[?????X[?X?\?]JH\?]]\?[\[Y[?Y?]?Y[]H[?[?Y??Z]H??Y??][ L?]\?[?H?????[???[XK?]\??[?Z[????[\?????H?]????X[???\????[[Y\??L??

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