Camera obscura
The camera obscura or pinhole image is a natural optical phenomenon. Early known descriptions are found in the Chinese Mozi writings (circa 500 BC) and the Aristotelian Problems (circa 300 BC – 600 AD). A practical demonstration of the pinhole effect from 700 AD is still in existence at the Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, India. Starting with Alhazen (965– 1039), the effect was used in dark rooms, mostly to study the nature of light and to safely watch solar eclipses. Giambattista della Porta wrote in 1558 in his Magia Naturalis about using a convex mirror to project the image onto paper and to use this as a drawing aid. However, about the same time the use of a lens instead of a pinhole was introduced. In the 17th century the camera obscura with a lens became a popular drawing aid that was further developed into a mobile device, first in a little tent and later in a box. The photographic camera, as developed early in the 19th century, was basically an adaptation of the box-type camera obscura.
Early pinhole photography
The first known description of pinhole photography is found in the 1856 book The Stereoscope by Scottish inventor David Brewster, including the description of the idea as "a camera without lenses, and with only a pin-hole". One older use of the term "pin-hole" in the context of optics was found in James Ferguson's 1764 book Lectures on select subjects in mechanics, hydrostatics, pneumatics, and optics. Sir William Crookes and William de Wiveleslie Abney were other early photographers to try the pinhole technique.
The scientists studied history by developing photography and enriching the world with cameras of different uses. The first
was known in the 4th century BC, specifically during the reign of Aristotle I. It was known as the dark room. The birth of the photography was done by Dagir. The first wooden box camera on January 7, 1839.
Dajira wooden camera from 1839
The first Kodak camera of 1888
Author: Ahmed Guiba