INGENIEUR
Station No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Location
Pulau Langkawi
Pulau Pinang
Lumut
Pelabuhan Klang
Tanjung Keling
Kukup
Johor Bahru
Tanjung Sedili
Pulau Tioman
Tanjung Gelang
Chendering
Geting
Sejingkat
Bintulu
Labuan
Kota Kinabalu
Kudat
Sandakan
Lahad Datu
Tawau
Latitude
06° 25' 51''
05° 25' 18''
04° 14' 24''
03° 03' 00''
02° 12' 54''
01° 19' 31''
01° 27' 42''
01° 55' 54''
02° 48' 26''
03° 58' 30''
05° 15' 54''
06° 13' 35''
01° 34' 58''
03° 15' 44''
05° 16' 22''
05° 59' 00''
06° 52' 46''
05° 48' 36''
05° 01' 08''
04° 14' 00''
Longitude
99° 45' 51''
100° 20' 48''
100° 36'48''
101° 21' 30''
102° 09' 12''
103° 26' 34''
103° 47' 30''
104° 06' 54''
104° 08' 24''
103° 25' 48''
103° 11' 12''
102° 06' 24''
110° 25' 20''
113° 03' 50''
115° 15' 00''
116° 04' 00''
116° 50' 37''
118° 04' 02''
118° 20' 46''
117° 53' 00''
SLR Rate (mm/year)
1.9
2.3
2.1
1.3
1.3
3.0
2.3
1.2
1.8
2.6
2.2
1.3
-5.8
0.2
0.7
4.4
3.0
4.1
3.6
3.5
Table 1: The rates of sea level rise along the coast of Malaysia based on tide gauge observation data
from 1984 -2010 (Source: NAHRIM, 2010)
1. To assess the trend/pattern of sea level rise
along the Malaysian coast using observed
data and determine the rate of SLR
2. To project SLR along the coast for the years
2020, 2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100;
3. To determine critical areas that will be
impacted by the change in hydrodynamic
processes caused by SLR, such as
inundation, erosion, salt water intrusion
etc., and to determine the impact on
the coastal environment and resources.
Measures can then be proposed to
minimize economic loss.
Methodology
For the above study, recorded tidal gauge data
(1984-2010) from 20 JUPEM stations and satellite
altimetry data (1993-2010) from 30 stations
around Malaysia were independently analysed
using linear regression analysis to obtain the rates
of SLR for Malaysia coast.
The linear trends in SLR along the coast were
significantly higher for the satellite altimeter
6
16
VOL
- MARCH 2016
VOL65
55JANUARY
JUNE 2013
observations when compared with the tide gauge
observations. Uncertainties in satellite altimeter
observations are well described and there was no
missing data for these observations. Furthermore,
it was possible to correct the errors in the satellite
observations (NAHRIM, 2010).
Therefore, this study utilizes the rates
obtained from satellite altimeter data derived
from the global mean SLR projection from the
results of 49 simulations of seven coupled
Atmospheric-Oceanic General Circulation Models
(AOCGM) as the basis for assimilating future SLR
projections along the coast of Malaysia (NAHRIM,
2010).
NAHRIM (2010) noted that the spatial variation
of SLR derived from tidal gauge and satellite
altimeter data differed from that projected by
the AOGCM. Eventually, the global mean sea
level projections simulated from the AOGCM
were assimilated into the satellite altimeter
observations along the coastline (NAHRIM, 2010)
to obtain the projected sea level rise along the
Malaysian coastline.