The Fate of the Civilian Surge in a Changing Environment | Page 40

ports on human rights, trafficking in persons, and religious freedom, while the USAID Office for Conflict Management and Mitigation (CMM) – a sister office to OFDA and OTI – produces an
annual Alert List measuring state fragility and instability. These
tools provide critical information about the operating environment facing diplomats and development workers worldwide. In
addition, CMM, OTI and CSO jointly developed an Interagency
Conflict Assessment Framework (ICAF) tool to identify the root
causes of conflict and instability in various operating environments. In Afghanistan, the U.S. military adopted the ICAF methodology, which now appears in doctrine as the District Stability
Framework approach to local engagement during counterinsurgency operations.
45. USJFCOM, Draft Planning Framework.
46. Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS), USG Strategic Plan for Stabilization and Reconstruction in Guinea - Final Brief, briefing slides with
scripted commentary, Washington, DC, S/CRS, June 26, 2008.
47. U.S. Department of State Home Page, “Haiti,” at http://www.
state.gov/j/cso/where/ engagements/haiti/index.htm (accessed March
19, 2016).
48. Sean McFate and Tim Challans, CRC Level 1 Planners
Course, Facilitator’s Version (Washington, DC: National Defense
University, College of International Security Affairs, September
2009).
49. Gordon Adams, “The Institutional Imbalance of American
Statecraft,” 34.
50. Telephone interview with a former USAID Crisis Response Corps-Active (CRC-A) member, January 12, 2016.
51. Interview with DOD official, December 29, 2015.
52. Unfortunately, the second five-year QDDR, published in
2015, has little to say about stability operations beyond some references to the need for a new framework for fragile states. U.S.
Department of State, Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review: Enduring Leadership in a Dynamic World (Washington, DC,
2015), 23-27.
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