Virtual Database Layer
The virtual database layer is a data abstraction layer using commodity middleware that can expose custom abstract schemas and data. The data abstraction
approach provides logical binding with the database at the network edge, where
data is logically and physically separated and can be accessed from a single virtual schema. This reduces the number of times that the physical databases need
to be changed, and places volatility into a domain. Using this approach, only the
virtual database not the physical databases— need to be changed to adapt the
needs of IoT applications. Finally, these abstract databases can be placed inside
containers, based on the needs of the problem domain.
Data Response Layer
This core layer evaluates the data coming from the devices or applications and
produces an automatic predefined response from the network edge. Imagine
that a jet engine’s temperature reading is 50 degrees over the limit. An automatic rule is invoked: if the data point is out of bounds, the computer responds
by kicking off a series of processes that are bound to the data point to bring the
reading back in bounds, such as reducing the engine’s fuel flow or revolutions
per minute. This occurs autonomously without the need for the centralized
processes and data, although they sync at predefined points. The resulting
outcome is stored in the knowledge base as a learned response, as well as any
necessary changes to the approach that would make for a better resolution to
that situation in the future.
There are thousands of permutations just for this one data point, and an RDA
can monitor and manage thousands of data points at once. In essence, this
layer is a collection of data that can be mapped to different devices, applications, and data persistence layers. The layer focuses on providing automated
responses and is able to learn as it processes the response. A machine-learning
model is bound to the data points, thus learning through trial and error is an
ongoing process.
Data is stored in the abstract (see the virtual database layer), so that the physical database is updated in increments defined by the user. All data received
from the sensors is processed at the network edge, though an RDA works with
processes and data that exist centrally, such as in a public cloud. The core concept is that the cloud-based components and the components held near the
IoT devices and sensors are logically coupled.
Service/API Layer
The service or API layer is the entry point into the holistic RDA. It provides
access to abstract features, such as management by third-party tools or
cloud-native features such as raw object storage services or resource provisioning. These APIs are managed using a service directory that includes security and governance for the use of these services and is used from within applications and devices.
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