Chapter
5:
Analysis
of
stakeholders
in
Yemen
Women
and
girls
Women
and
girls
spent
in
some
cases
many
hours
each
day
for
water
fetching
and
are
therefore
water
managers
Women
have
the
same
water
rights
as
men
according
to
customary
rights,
but
have
very
limited
voice
in
decision-‐making
over
water
resources
management.
Although
the
MWE
and
its
subordinate
NWRA
are,
according
to
the
Water
Law
of
2002,
the
sole
authority
for
the
implementation
of
Integrated
Water
Resources
Management,
in
practice
this
is
not
the
case.
MWE
and
NWRA
are
hampered
by
the
fact
that
they
are
only
in
charge
of
about
5%
of
the
water
consumed
in
Yemen
(Hübschen,
2011).
The
Ministry
of
Agriculture
and
Irrigation
(and
its
Department
for
Irrigation
and
Dams)
is
in
practice
responsible
for
the
main
share
of
water,
which
is
allocated,
to
agriculture
and
irrigation.
This
is
the
result
from
a
very
political
process
as
this
mandate
was
in
first
instance
to
be
moved
to
MWE,
but
was
blocked
by
the
president
himself
(Hübschen,
2011).
This
fragmentation
of
responsibilities
is
problematic
as
both
institutions
have
different
interests
and
pursue
opposing
water
polices.
Zeitoun
(2009)
analyzed
the
stakeholders
of
the
Yemen
irrigation
water
sector
in
the
light
interests
and
influence
on
water
demand
management,
which
resulted
in
the
figure
5.1
below.
Figure
5.1:
Stakeholder
analysis
Yemen
(irrigation)
Water
Sector
in
relation
to
Water
Demand
Management
(WDM)
(Zeitoun,
2009)
Figure
5.1
shows
that
MWE
and
NWRA
are
in
favour
of
Water
Demand
Management
strategies,
while
MAI
is
in
opposition.
It
also
shows
that
the
position
of
MAI
is
to
support
large
landowners
rather
than
small
farmers.
At
the
same
time
power
and
influence
are
strongly
related
to
wealth;
the
wealthy
have
better
access
to
water
resources,
and
have
more
power
and
influence
to
steer
water
management
(Zeitoun,
2009).
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