3.2.2
Conflicts
on
surface
water
in
ephemeral
rivers
3.2.3
Peri-‐urban
competition
3.2.4
Research
partners
53
54
55
Chapter
4.
Context
and
contextual
changes
57
4.1
Political
dimension
4.1.1
General
background
on
Yemen
4.1.2
A
short
history
of
the
patronage
system
4.2
Socio-‐economic
dimension
4.2.1
Yemeni
economy
4.2.2
Population
and
health
4.2.3
Water
and
sanitation
4.3
Physical
dimension
4.3.1
Climatic
characteristics
4.3.2
Climate
change
4.3.2
Water
availability
4.3.3
Agriculture
4.4
Conclusions
4.5
References
57
57
58
61
61
62
66
69
69
73
73
74
76
77
Chapter
5.
Analysis
of
stakeholders
in
Yemen
79
5.1
The
institutional
environment
of
Yemen
water
management
5.2
Stakeholders
in
the
Yemen
Water
Sector
5.3
The
instability
after
Saleh
5.4
Stakeholder
analysis
in
water
conflicts
5.5
Conclusions
5.6
References
79
80
85
85
88
89
Chapter
6.
Legal
and
regulatory
framework
of
Water
Law
90
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Sources
of
law
6.2.1
Shari’ah
6.2.2
Customary
Law
(Urf)
6.2.3
Constitution
6.2.4
Water
Law
6.2.5
Civil
Code
6.3
Water
in
Yemen’s
legislative
framework
6.4
Water
ownership
6.4.1
Legal
status
of
water
ownership
6.4.2
Conditions
of
water
ownership
6.5
Water
diversion
and
usufruct
rights
6.5.1
Acquisition
of
diversion
and
usufruct
rights
6.5.2
Selling
and
transferring
of
diversion
and
usufruct
rights
6.5.3
Conditions
for
losing
the
diversion
right
and
usufruct
6.6
Water
use
rights
and
sharing
water
6.6.1
Priority
of
use
6.6.2
Quantity
of
use
6.6.3
Places
of
use
and
sharing
6.6.4
Burden-‐sharing
among
users
6.7
Water
administration
6.7.1
Water
allocation
mechanisms
6.7.2
Operation
and
maintenance
6.7.3
Organization
of
users
6.7.4
Quantity
and
quality
protection
provisions
6.7.5
Conflict
settlement
procedures
90
91
91
91
92
92
92
92
93
93
94
94
95
96
97
97
97
98
98
99
99
99
100
100
100
101
IX