Chapter
3:
Methodology
•
Powerful
landlords
divert
streams.
There
is
not
only
insufficient
surface
water
but
there
is
also
no
recharge
anymore.
This
has
resulted
in
saline
water
intrusion
in
the
coastal
areas,
a
lack
of
drinking
water,
and
desertification
in
some
downstream
areas.
•
Affected
area:
coastal
areas,
plains
in
the
south,
i.e.,
Aden.
•
People
involved:
upstream
vs.
downstream
conflict,
vulnerable
coastal
communities.
•
Limited
knowledge
on
the
hydro-‐geological
system
and
the
available
mechanisms
to
deal
with
water
conflicts.
Table
3.2:
Conflicts
on
surface
water
in
ephemeral
rivers
Selected
case
Case
represents
Issues
Wadi
Siham
Use
of
spate
water
and
•
groundwater
for
lowland
•
agriculture
•
Non-‐recorded
surface
water
rights
Upstream
control
of
flood
water
Modern
infrastructure
disturbed
subsurface
flow
and
affected
wells
upstreams
and
downstreams
•
Intense
use
of
groundwater
for
(export)
horticulture
•
Drought
and
sanddune
formation
in
coastal
tail
ends
Within
this
area
several
water-‐related
conflicts
have
been
identified
based
on
their
prior
knowledge
and
the
knowledge
of
local
contacts.
In
Wadi
Siham
these
conflicts
are
Hodedah/
Al
Dabashiah
canal
project,
and
Bani
Swaid.
3.2.3
Peri-‐urban
competition
Key
characteristics
on
peri-‐urban
competition:
•
Affected
areas:
smaller
cities,
e.g.,
Ta’izz,
Aden
•
It
involves
peri-‐urban
competition
between
urban
and
rural
areas
(on
waste
water
discharge,
storage
reservoirs
and
groundwater
pumping
(and
possible
requisitioning)
•
There
are
projects
on
improving
urban
water
services
in
view
of
the
growing
cities.
Public
drinking
water
companies
need
extra
water,
but
at
the
same
time
there
is
no
mechanism
to
“buy”
from
water
sources.
Table
3.3:
Peri-‐urban
competition
Selected
case
Case
represents
Issues
Ta’izz
Urban-‐rural
competition
for
water
•
Highly
unreliable
urban
water
service
•
Conflict
over
urban
water
sourcing
from
rural
areas
•
Claims
and
conflicts
over
reuse
of
waste
water
•
Rural
conflicts
over
use
of
springs
•
Implementation
of
water
saving
measures
and
watershed
programs
Within
this
area
several
water-‐related
conflicts
have
been
identified
based
on
their
prior
knowledge
and
the
knowledge
of
local
contacts.
For
Ta’izz,
these
conflicts
are
Al
Hayma,
Qurada
and
Marzuaah,
Bani
Yusof,
and
Al-‐Horor.
The Political Economy in Yemen of Water Management: Conflict Analysis and Recommendations
54
of
241