Test Drive | Page 44

Chapter  2:  Concept  note   Chapter  2.    Concept  note   Key  message:     This   chapter   presents   an   analytical   framework   for   the   exploration   of   the   inherently   political   processes   of   water   management.   It   serves   as   a   structural   guidance   for   the   field   research   and   subsequent   analysis.   We   identify   several   key   components,   based   upon   a   number   of   existing   frameworks   and   proven   concepts,   to   analyse   the   political   economy   and   the   conflict   dimensions   of   water  management  in  Yemen.       The  resulting  analytical  framework  has  been  used  to  answer  the  key  questions  of  our  research:  1)   What   is   the   interest   of   stakeholders   involved   in   the   emergence   of   water-­‐related   conflicts?   2)   Which   conflict   solutions   (formal   and   traditional)   are   used   for   preventing   or   resolving   conflicts   in   land  and  water  management?  and  3)  Are  these  solutions  part  of  existing  practices  being  used  or  of   new  arrangements  being  established?     Understanding  the  political-­‐economy  of  water  management,  and  explaining  the  key  characteristics  and  drivers   of  water  conflicts  and/or  cooperation  over  shared  resources,  requires  a  different  analytical  approach  than  that   used  within  other  conventional  frameworks  for  conflict  analysis,  e.g.,  developed  by  the  UN,  USIP,  USAid.  The   necessity   of   developing   a   different   tailormade   framework   for   water   conflict   analysis   is   explained   by   the   fact   that   water   management   and   governance   is   characterized   by   complexity   and   uncertainty,   as   water   use   is   influenced  through  dynamics  from  the  natural,  societal  and  political  domain.       Water   issues   are   complex   because   of   their   intricate   coupling   with   multiple   issues   within   the   natural   and   societal   domains.   Additionally,   water   management   must   take   into   account   issues   related   to   uncertainty,   nonlinearity   and   feedback.   Uncertainties   related   to   conflict   and   cooperation   over   water   resources   are   of   a   diverse   nature.   It   may   entail   unpredictability   of   developments   (e.g.,   climatic,   demographic,   economic,   or   political),   incomplete   knowledge,   ambiguity   or   conflicting   views   on   the   seriousness   of   a   problem,   its   causes   and  potential  solutions.  Nowadays,  uncertainties  related  to  water  resource  management  are  on  the  rise  since   the   pace   and   dimensions   of   changes   (e.g.,   climatic,   demographic)   are   accelerating   and   are   likely   to   do   so   even   more  in  the  future.       Key  questions  within  this  research:   1)   What  is  the  interest  of  stakeholders  involved  in  the  emergence  of  water-­‐related  conflicts?   2)   Which  conflict  solutions  (formal  and  traditional)  are  used  for  preventing  or  resolving  conflicts  in  land   and  water  management?  and     3)   Are  these  solutions  part  of  existing  practices  being  used  or  of  new  arrangements  being  established?     To   answer   the   above   questions,   we   have   used   the   following   key   references   for   developing   our   conceptual   and   analytical  framework:   The Political Economy in Yemen of Water Management: Conflict Analysis and Recommendations  31  of  241