Test Drive | Page 39

  Mahjourine   A  ward  used  by  a  person  when  he  wishes  to  stop  another  person  or  group   from  invading  his  rights  or  ownership.   Manadeb   Manadeb   system   (pluaral   of   mandab).   A   mandab   is   a   hand   dug   canal   that   regulates   water   distribution   among   farmers   in   a   wadi/valley.     A   mandab   allows   for   water   to   flow   from   the   Wadi   into   distribution   canals   that   go   to   farmers  lands   Maragha   Complicated   cases   of   conflicts   between   different   tribes   demand   an   expert,   who  is  called  a  ‘Maragha’  and  is  specialized  in  complex  tribal  conflicts.  He  is   firm  with  the  specific  coherences  and  the  history  of  a  tribal  conflict.  He  is  the   highest   judicial   authority.   Although   it   is   desirable   and   possible,   that   every   tribe   has   its   own   Maragha,   it   is   not   brought   out   by   every   tribe.   If   the   tribe   doesn’t  have  their  own  Maragha,  the  Maragha  of  another  tribe  can  be  asked   for  advice  and  support.   Marawah   Local  council  solving  local  disputes   Markoom/  Maraqeem   A   newly   (customary)   written   norm   amongst   tribes.   This   might   refer   to   water   distribution   and   use   rules,   but   also   to   the   free   passage   of   Huthies   in   tribal   areas.   The   Huthies   are   in   conflict   with   the   central   government,   but   the   government   needs   to   respect   the   Markoom   and   cannot   arrest   Huthies   in   tribal  areas  governed  by  the  Markoom.   Mashaekh   Traditional  leader/  old,  wise  man   Maslaha   Maslaha   means   common   welfare.   The   impact   of   this   concept   for   conflict   management   and   conflict   solving   is   the   flexibility   of   the   jurisdiction   in   accordance   with   actual   facts.   Individual   rights   are   indeed   subordinate   to   common   welfare,   which   contradicts   often   the   western,   individual   driven   sense   of   justice.   (Source:   Andjelkovic-­‐Al   Amry,   2005.   Traditional   Conflict   Management  in  Yemen).   Mazare  motadah   Usual   farms:   well-­‐owner   irrigates   the   lands   of   the   people   who   are   “part   of   him”.  This  means  that  there  is  a  traditional  informal  agreement  that  certain   well-­‐owners   irrigate   for   certain   people.   And   that   landowners   are   not   supposed  to  turn  to  another  well-­‐owner  even  if  he  offers  them  lower  price.   Mead/  Moa’ad/  Ma’ad   Unit   of   area,   mainly   used   in   Tehama.   One   moa’ad   equals   66m   x   66m   =   2 4366m .  Or  1  hectare:  2,29  Mead.   Mubah   According  to  the  Muslim  cultural  tradition,  water  is  considered  to  be  a  free   natural   resource,   an   open   access   resource   or   ''Mubah",   which   means:   permissible,   also   allowable,   free   available   for   all.   However,   the   religious   teachings   have   also   repeatedly   emphasized   to   make   judicious   use   of   it.   In   semi-­‐arid   zones,   where   water   resources   are,   in   any   case   limited,   it   is,   however,   very   hard   to   convince   people,   that   a   natural   good   perceived   as   God's  "gift"  should  be  restricted.     (http://www.yemenwater.org/wp-­‐content/uploads/2013/03/Negenman-­‐T.-­‐ 2000.pdf).   Naeb     Governmental   organisation   where   important   religious   judges   pronounce   their  verdict.   Profit  division  rule   Within   the   Khadeer   district,   in   Taizz,   the   traditional   rule   is   that   for   Qat   irrigation  the  profit  is  divided  as  follows:  ¼  for  the  water  provider,  ¼  for  the   land  owner,  and  ½  for  the  one  who  plants  the  seeds  and  watches  the  land.   The Political Economy in Yemen of Water Management: Conflict Analysis and Recommendations  26  of  241