Test Drive | Page 37

  Glossary   Please  note  that  the  Arabic  names  are  written  phonetically,  which  often  results  in  spellings  that  might  seem   totally  different.       Adal  (plural:  Odool)   Guarantees   from   both   sides.   In   tribal   customary   law   the   purpose   of   the   Adal   is  to  show  commitment  from  both  conflicting  sides  to  abide  by  the  verdict  of   the   arbitrators.   The   Adal   could   consist   of   machine   guns,   cars   and   a   million   Yemeni   Rials   from   each   side.   Also   the   arbitrators   with   their   armed   guards   will   settle   as   guests   alternating   between   the   two   conflict   parties.   In   tribal   traditions,   conflict   parties   have   to   pay   hospitality   to   the   arbitrators.   It   is   a   way   to   appreciate   their   help,   but   also   to   push   the   parties   to   settle   the   conflict  quickly  to  reduce  expenses  they  spend  on  arbitrators.  “The  real  war   is   the   war   of   feasts-­‐   Alharb   harb   Almawa’ed”   is   a   local   saying   indicating   how   costly  it  can  become  to  host  arbitrators.   Al  Ala  Fala’ala,  or  Al’ala  Bel  Al’ala   It   stipulates   that   land   upstream   has   the   priority   of   water   use,   than   areas   which   are   situated   lower,   all   the   way   to   the   lowest   level   of   the   stream.   Despite   its   geographical   dimension,   new   users   upstream   do   not   automatically  gain  priority  in  water  use,  as  prior  appropriation  is  also  to  be   respected.   Al  Awal  fa  AlAwal   Whoever  settled  first  has  the  first  right  to  irrigate  from  the  flood  despite  the   location  of  his  land.   Al  Hiwar   Dialogue   as   a   medium   of   conflict   resolution   is   the   basis   of   the   “al-­‐Hiwar”-­‐   programme   established   by   the   Yemeni   government.   The   target   of   this   programme  is  to  reeducate  Islamists  and  convince  them  to  reject  violence.  It   is   led   by   the   judge   Mahmud   al-­‐Hitar   and   receives   great   international   attention.   (Source:   Andjelkovic-­‐Al   Amry,   2005.   Traditional   Conflict   Management  in  Yemen).   Al-­‐Ana  or  Al-­‐shamla   Communal  "voluntary"  work,  such  as  well-­‐digging,  building  bridges     or  dams,  and  rebuilding  after  calamities.   Al-­‐Jabart/  Gabarty   Ajabarti  is  an  Islamic  scholar  who  lived  in  wadi  Zabed  in  the  16  century  and   wrote   the   manuscript   of   the   flood   distribution   rights   for   the   lands   on   the   sides  of  the  wadi  Zabed.  Al  Ala  Fala’ala  rule  is  based  on  his  law.     Al-­‐Mosha’aa   This  refers  to  land  that  is  respected  by  locals  as  public  space  for  everyone’s   use  including  grazing  and  water  usage.     Al-­‐Muthaha   Mutual   support   among   neighbouring   farmers   -­‐   irrigation   equipment,   labor   etc.   Al-­‐Ta'awon  fi  Majal  Al-­‐ray   Co-­‐operation   in   irrigation   -­‐   one   farmer   is   responsible   for   distributing   water   collected  during  rainfall.   Ala’awal  be  Al’Awal     The   traditional   rule   stipulates   that   water   goes   to   Ala’awal   be   Al’Awal   (First   th then   First).   This   means   that   well   owners   should   irrigate   for   those   who   are   closer  to  them  before  moving  to  the  next  closest,  and  so  on.   Alaqrab  bel  Aqrab   The   closer   then   the   close:   which   means   that   those   close   to   the   water   source   have  the  priority.  The  traditional  rule  also  says  that  priority  should  be  given   to  drinking  water  then  irrigation.   Aqil   The   Aqil *