Chapter
10:
Findings
(and
the
institution
it
is
representing)
is
perceived
as
legitimate
by
both
parties
in
order
to
settle
the
conflict.
A
main
challenge
is,
therefore,
how
to
garner
a
critical
mass
of
local
stakeholders
to
support
a
decision
of
a
third
party
mediating
the
conflict.
Conflicting
parties
first
try
to
settle
a
conflict
surrounding
water
resources
through
local
conflict
settlement
arrangements
(e.g.,
6
old
men,
or
neighboring
tribal
leaders).
In
this
process
perceptions
of
the
conflicting
parties
on
the
legitimacy
and
authority
of
the
third
party
are
key
for
the
acceptance
of
third
party
intervention.
Third
party
interventions:
sheikhs
and
akhils
Generally
it
can
be
seen
that
the
customary
and
traditional
rules
govern
the
judicial
practices
in
these
cases.
Customary
law
is
part
of
the
collective
identity
of
the
tribes,
and
as
there
is
basically
no
state-‐based
judicial
96
system,
the
people
have
little
else
to
turn
to.
Tribal
conflict
resolution
traditions
include
mediation
and
arbitration.
The
mediators’
role
is
to
stop
violent
clashes
or
potential
ones.
To
prevent
the
dispute
from
escalating,
they
talk
to
conflict
sides
and
convince
them
to
resolve
it
either
by
means
of
direct
negotiation
or
through
arbitration.
If
the
conflict
becomes
violent,
mediators
rush
into
the
middle
of
the
fighting
zone
carrying
white
flags.
Warring
tribes
stop
the
clashes
and
talk
to
the
mediators.
Mediators
then
convince
conflict
parties
to
establish
an
immediate
truce
(usually
8
days)
and
choose
an
arbitrator
or
arbitrators.
Arbitration
takes
different
steps
and
involves
various
stages;
each
has
a
certain
protocol
and
a
level
of
details
and
sophistication.
Usually,
conflicting
parties
agree
on
an
arbitrator
or
arbitrators
who
then
study
the
evidence,
listen
to
the
parties
together
and
in
separate
caucuses,
and
then
issue
a
verdict.
There
is
a
well-‐
established
app V