Chapter
9:
Case
studies
in
Ta’izz
becoming
the
rule.
One
of
the
issues
that
was
raised
is
NWRA’s
issuing
permission
to
drillers’
owners
(private
93
individuals
who
run
the
drilling
business)
without
reverting
to
the
district
and
local
council
authorities.
Law
The
problem
is
not
only
a
lack
of
law
enforcement,
although
that
is
an
important
part
of
it.
The
law
is
ambiguous
and
full
of
loopholes.
For
example,
the
law
indicates
that
water
cannot
be
transferred
outside
a
specific
area
unless
for
drinking
use.
Shuja,
head
of
NWRA
Ta’izz,
finds
it
difficult
to
monitor
these
kinds
of
water
transfers,
which
are
subject
to
manipulation
given
the
current
circumstances.
Punishments
in
the
law
are
either
not
strong
enough,
or
subject
to
different
interpretations
by
law
enforcement
offciers,
to
prevent
people
from
committing
violations.
For
example,
the
law
says
that
a
punishment
indicates
a
fine
that
is
“no
more
than”
or
a
prison
sentence
that
“does
not
exceed”.
Shuja
thinks
that
it
should
be
rather
“no
less
than”
and
leave
it
to
the
court
to
determine
the
punishment.
Alternative
Dispute
Resolution
Informal
dispute
resolution
mechanisms
are
weak
and
ineffective.
There
is
a
lack
of
understanding
of
traditional
rules
that
regulate
water
use,
particularly
for
irrigation.
Further
recommendations
for
Ta’izz
•
There
needs
to
be
clear
regulations
for
the
distance
to
which
water
can
be
transferred
outside
the
original
water
source,
in
particular
for
water
used
for
irrigation
purposes.
These
regulations
should
include
the
distance
to
which
water
can
be
transferred
and
the
quantities
of
water
allowed
to
be
pumped
out
for
that
purpose.
•
A
strategy
or
manual
should
be
developed
that
outlines
practical
first
responses
to
disputes
concerning
water.
It
should
be
drafted
with
participation
from
NWRA
Sana’a,
NWRA
Ta’izz,
the
Governor’s
office,
district
directors,
district
security
directors,
prosecution
officers,
local
judges
and
user
groups.
In
addition,
Akels
and