Test Drive | Page 173

Chapter  9:  Case  studies  in  Ta’izz     •   •   •   •   In   the   districts   of   the   Annashamah   area,   some   locals   complained   to   the   local   council   that   certain   individuals   have   rented   their   lands   to   people   from   outside   the   area   to   grow   qat.   Those  qat  traders  come  from  Mawyah  district  where  water  wells  and  sources  have  dried  up   due  to  qat  irrigation.     Farms  that  used  to  grow  vegetables  and  fruits  have  died  because  a  qat  “businessman”  from   Dhalee  governorate  rented  a  plot  of  land  and  used  the  water  to  irrigate  his  qat  instead.   Water  is  pumped/transferred  kilometers  away.       More  than  80%  of  water  wells  have  dried  up  since  2005  due  to  the  lack  of  rain  and  overuse   of  water.     Laws  and  Urf   •   •   •   Laws   are   unclear,   ambiguous,   and   weak.   Moreover,   enforcement   is   difficult,   as   the   judge   does  not  have  clear  laws  that  he  can  rely  on.   There   are   no   traditional   rules   to   regulate   water   use.   Privately   owned   water   sources   are   totally  unregulated.   Due  to  its  destructive  impact  on  the  ground  water  level,  the  General  Secretary  of  Almaafer   suggests  a  new  law  that  would  prohibit  the  use  of  water  to  irrigate  Qat.     Law  enforcement   •   •   •   •   •   Law  enforcement  authorities  are  totally  ineffective.   According   to   the   security   officer   who   attended   the   meeting,   the   authorities   arrest   those   involved   in   violations   and   refer   to   them   to   the   prosecution   service,   but   the   prosecution   service  does  not  proceed  any  further.   The  security  services  arrest  individuals,  bury  illegally  dug  wells  etc.  However,  they  sometimes   face  resistance  from  locals.  “Without  cooperation  from  the  community  it  is  very  difficult  for   us  to  do  our  work”,  according  to  a  security  officer.   People   go   to   local   councils   and   security   to   complain   about   water   issue 2