Test Drive | Page 167

Chapter  9:  Case  studies  in  Ta’izz     Othmas  Account  (A  resolved  conflict?):   Abdussalam  Othman  is  a  local  farmer  who  also  had  a  dispute  with  Person  94.  Othman  irrigated  water  from  his   well  up  the  valley  to  farmers  in  Halhalah.  This  water  came  from  Person  94’s  well,  right  before  the  time  when   Person   94   extended   his   irrigation   service   to   the   other   farms.   Fearing   that   Othman’s   irrigation   would   affect   the   water   levels   of   his   well,   Person   94   commenced   proceedings   against   Othamn.   During   the   process,   the   prosecution   threw   both   parties   in   jail.   Othman   remained   in   jail   for   a   week   while   Person   94,   according   to   86 Othman,  was  released  in  a  few  hours.     Othman   said   that   the   district   director   was   unhappy   that   Person   94   was   pumping   the   water   to   qat   farmers   outside  Halhalah,  while  locals  were  deprived.  However,  just  like  the  Qassems,  Othman  believes  that  Person  94   is   a   powerful   man   who   has   money   to   buy   off   everyone   and   get   whatever   verdicts   serve   his   interests.   He   eventually   gave   up   and   accepted   a   settlement   that   they   both   agree   upon.   According   to   the   settlement,   Othman  committed  to  stop  transferring  water  to  farmers  in  Halhalah.    The  settlement  was  written,  signed  by   both  parties  and  filed  by  the  court.  In  return,  Person  94  withdrew  the  court  case.     Othman   finds   the   settlement   unfair,   not   only   to   him   but   also   for   those   from   Halhalah,   who   will   be   denied   water  to  irrigate  their  farms.    Nevertheless,  he  said  that  he  did  not  have  a  choice.  He  requested  a  settlement   because  he  could  not  stand  up  against  such  a  powerful  and  rich  man  and  he  was  worried  that  if  he  continued   to  challenge  him,  “they”  will  end  up  closing  down  his  only  well.  By  “they”  he  meant  Person  94  and  the  court.   “He  got  all  the  verdicts  in  the  court  in  his  favor  with  money.  I  saw  him  paying  people  in  500  Saudi  Rial  bills.”,   said   Othman.   NWRA   told   him   that   his   pump   does   not   meet   the   “standards”   without   explaining   what   those   standards  were.  To  him,  it  is  shady  since  Person  94  is  allowed  to  use  two  pumps  and  transfer  water  in  large   quantities   24   hours   a   day   most   of   the   time.   The   rest   of   the   people   in   Halhalah   were   affected   but,   according   to   Othaman,  they  are  poor  people  and  would  not  stand  by  him  against  Person  94.     9.4.4    C:  Dispute  regulation  mechanisms     Person   94   used   the   court   repeatedly.   His   experience   in   law   helped   him.   However,   he   also   reached   out   to   high-­‐ level   government   officials   to   intervene.   The   Qassems   tried   the   court   but   they   do   not   trust   it.   They   say   that   Person  94  bribed  the  judge,  security,  prosecution  and  the  officials  of  the  NWRA  in  Ta’izz  and  cannot  afford  to   compete  with  that.  They  only  went  to  NWRA  in  Sana’a  (see  above),  and  no  further  follow-­‐up  actions  have  been   taken     Both  sides  do  not  seem  to  trust  tribal  sheikhs.  Azzan  said  that  the  Qassems  might  not  trust  a  sheikh  he  chooses   and  the  other  way  around.  The  Qassems  also  have  an  issue  of  trust  with  sheikhs  and  believe  that  most  sheikhs   are  either  uncredible  or  corrupt.  “Is  there  such  a  thing  as  fair  sheikhs  in  Ta’izz?!!”,  said  Abdullah  Saeed.     The  conflict  remains  unsolved  and  the  underlying  causes  that  sustain  it  remain  unaddressed.     According  to  Abdussamad  Shuja,  head  of  NWRA  in  Ta’izz,  The  law  says  that  water  should  not  be  pumped  out  of   the  area,  but  the  law  is  ambiguous  about  the  distance  that  limits  water  transfer.     One  of  the  Qassems  brothers,  Khaled  Mohammed  Qassem  serves  as  Sheikh  Dhaman.  He  resolves  conflicts  in   the   area.   He   issues   verdicts   and   he   has   an   official   stamp.   He   is   in   his   late   30s,   younger   than   his   other   brothers,   but  he  became  a  sheikh  because  he  is  more