Test Drive | Page 164

Chapter  9:  Case  studies  in  Ta’izz     by  NWRA  Sana’a,  more  than  95%  of  the  well-­‐water  is  used  to  irrigate  water  over  more  than  10  kilometers  in   81 the  area.     Yet   rainwater   has   not   been   sufficient   over   the   past   three   years.   Person   94,   one   side   of   the   conflict,   mentioned   that   he   used   to   sell   water   at   YR3,000   per   hour,   using   two   water   pumps   from   his   well   for   24   hours   nonstop.   Now  he  can  only  pump  four  hours  a  day.  Most  people  in  the  area  have  to  buy  truck  water  from  tents  dozens  of   kilometers  away  to  irrigate  their  qat.  According  to  the  district  director,  random  well  drilling  is  increasing  at  an   alarming  level.  NWRA  in  Ta’izz  provides  permissions  (in  a  letter  format)  to  drill  wells  without  reverting  to  the   82 district  director  or  district  council .       According  to  the  district  director,  the  traditional  rule  is  that  Alaqrab  bel  Aqrab  (the  closer  then  the  close)  that   means   that   those   closest   to   the   water   source   have   the   priority.   The   traditional   rule   also   says   the   priority   83 should   be   given   to   drinking   water   before   irrigation.  However,   the   rule   does   not   seem   to   be   clearly   reconginzed  in  Halalah  as  conflict  sides  have  totally  different  understandings  of  what  the  traditional  rules  are.       Person  94  talked  about  a  traditional  rule  in  which  each  well  owner  irrigates  the  lands  of  the  people  who  are   “part  of  him”.  This  means  that  there  is  a  traditional  informal  agreement  that  certain  well  owners  irrigate  for   certain  people,  and  that  landowners  are  not  supposed  to  turn  to  another  well  owner,  even  if  he  offers  him  a   cheaper  price.  According  to  him,  they  call  that  the  “usual  farms”  (Mazare3  mo3tadah).       However   for   the   Qassems,   the   traditional   rule   stipulates   that   water   goes   to   Ala’awal   be   Al’Awal   (First   then   First).  This  means  that  well-­‐owners  should  irrigate  for  those  who  are  closer  to  them  before  moving  to  those   next  closest  and  so  on.       For   land   irrigation,   all   parties   agree   that   the   traditional   rule   is   that   for   qat   irrigation   the   profit   is   divided   as   follows:   ¼   is   for   the   water   provider,   ¼   is   for   land   owner,   and   ½   is   for   the   one   who   plants   the   seeds   and *wV&G0