Chapter
9:
Case
studies
in
Ta’izz
agricultural
fields
AREA
Research
and
extension
for
agriculture
CACB
Provision
of
development
finance
for
farmers
GAREWS
Rural
water
and
electricity
supply
IDAS
Enhance
self-‐help
capacity
of
farmers
Local
councils
(LCs)
Promote
and
manage
local,
rural
development
including
water
supplies
and
irrigation
LWCP
Implementation
of
water
monitoring,
irrigation
and
forestry
projects
SURDU
Rural
development,
including
irrigation,
extension
and
monitoring
Urban
Emphasis
NWSA
Urban
water
and
sewerage
supply
TSWSSSR
Help
NWSA
branches
towards
a
more
autonomous
and
commercial
basis
and
encourage
PSP
in
urban
water
supply
and
sanitation
provision
Source:
Handley
(2001)
The
non-‐governmental
institutions
in
the
region
are
mainly
traditional
support
systems
within
and
between
communities,
sheiks
and
the
private
water
sector.
Joshi
(1995)
summarized
some
of
the
traditional
support
systems
of
co-‐operation
within
and
between
communities
related
to
water
use
that
are
described
in
Table
9.3.
Table
9.3:
Traditional
support
systems
Support
system
Description
Al-‐Ana
or
Al-‐shamla
Communal
"voluntary"
work.
Penalties
for
those
not
volunteering.
Well
digging,
bridges,
dams,
rebuilding
after
calamities
Al-‐Muthaha
Mutual
support
among
neighbouring
farmers
-‐
irrigation
equipment,
labour
etc
Al-‐`
fi
Majal
Al-‐ray
Co-‐operation
in
irrigation
-‐
one
farmer
is
responsible
for
distributing
water
collected
during
rainfall
Source:
Joshi
(1995)
Sheiks
and
the
"suruub
al
miiyaah"
managers
(water
distributor)
have
a
prominent
role
in
the
water
sector.
Sheiks
are
usually
senior
members
elected
by
local
families
on
the
basis
of
their
knowledge
of
customary
law
and
Shari’ah
and
for
their
maturity
and
impartiality
(Handley,
2001).
Finally
the
major
area
of
non-‐
traditional
initiatives
in
water
supply
has
been
in
the
private
sector.
For
instance,
private
companies
who
supply
drinking
water
in
urban
and
rural
areas
(Handley,
2001).
According
to
Handley
(2001)
the
relevance
and
role
of
the
non-‐governmental
traditional
institutions
stands
in
direct
contrast
to
that
of
the
governmental
institutions.
Although
there
is
a
tradition
of
co-‐operation
this
has
been
limited
to
irrigation
and
rural
water
supply.
The
sheiks
system
is
also
open
to
principal-‐agent
abuses,
but
can
and
must
be
worked
through,
rather
than
around.
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