TOUGHNESS MEASUREMENT IN DIRECT RESIN COMPOSITES USING QUANTITATIVE
FRACTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
an easy method to obtain values for elastic moduli
measurements in resin composites.
5. Conclusions
Quantitative fractographic analysis offers a different
method to evaluate the toughness of direct resin
composites. The advantage of this technique is
that it occurs with the strength measurements. No
additional testing is necessary. The other advantage
of this technique to measure fracture toughness is
that the flaws causing failure are of the size expected
with the handling and finishing procedure used
in clinical practice. More research is needed using
the quantitative fractographic technique with resin
composites to determine the effect of particle size and
volume fraction as well as manufacturing techniques
on the mechanical properties. The Knoop hardness
technique to measure the elastic modulus offers a
relatively easy technique to use for resin composites.
References
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
22
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
18.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Nancy Ruzycki at the University of
Florida for use of the SEM during the investigation and
Mr. Jack Wannamaker for hardness measurements. We
also want to thank and acknowledge Ivoclar Vivadent
for providing the raw materials used in this study.
2.
10.
17.
Author contributions
Equal contribution to the paper.
1.
9.
Van Noort R. Introduction to dental materials. 4th ed. Edinburgh,
UK: Mosby Elsevier; 2013.
Google Scholar (751)
Visuttiwattanakorn P, Suputtamongkol K, Angkoonsit D,
Kaewthong S, Charoonanan P. Microtensile bond strength
of repaired indirect resin composite. J Adv Prosthodont.
2017;9(1):38-44. doi: 10.4047/jap.2017.9.1.38.
[Full text links] [Free PMC Article] [PubMed] Google Scholar (0)
Scopus (0)
Chung SM, Yap AU, Koh WK, Tsai KT, Lim CT. Measurement
of Poisson's ratio of dental composite restorative materials.
Biomaterials. 2004;25(13):2455-2460.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (95) Scopus (48)
Baudin C, Osorio R, Toledano M, de Aza S. Work of fracture of a
composite resin: fracture-toughening mechanisms. J Biomed
Mater Res A. 2009;89(3):751-758. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.32016.758.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (14) Scopus (9)
Brunthaler A, König F, Lucas T, Sperr W, Schedle A. Longevity of
direct resin composite restorations in posterior teeth: a review.
Clin Oral Investig. 2003;7(2):63-7 0. doi: 10.1007/s00784-003-
0206-7.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (306) Scopus (183)
Van Nieuwenhuysen J, D'Hoore W, Carvalho J, Qvist V. Long-
term evaluation of extensive restorations in permanent teeth. J
Dent. 2003;31(6):395-405.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (283) Scopus (173)
Fujishima A, Ferracane JL. Comparison of four modes of
fracture toughness testing for dental composites. Dent Mater.
1996;12(1):38-43. doi: 10.1016/S0109-5641(96)80062-5.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (83) Scopus (49)
Qin Q, Ye J. Toughening mechanisms in composite materials.
Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2015.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Google Scholar (9)
Fujishima A, Miyazaki T, Takatama M, Suzuki E, Miyaji T.
[Durability of composite resins in accelerated boiling water
immersion]. Shika Zairyo Kikai. 1988;7(5):807-816. Japanese.
[PubMed] Google Scholar (3) Scopus (1)
Ferry JD. Viscoelastic properties of polymers, 3rd ed. New York,
NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1980.
Google Scholar (21628)
He X, Zhou Y, Jia D, Guo Y. Effect of sintering additives on
microstructures and mechanical properties of short-carbon-
fiber-reinforced SiC composites prepared by precursor
pyrolysis–hot pressing. Ceram Int. 2006;32(8):929-934. doi:
10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.07.007.
Google Scholar (27) Scopus (22)
Xia Z, Curtin WA, Sheldon BW. A new method to evaluate the
fracture toughness of thin films. Acta Mater. 2004;52(12):3507-
3517.doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.04.004.
Google Scholar (71) Scopus (51)
Freiman SW, Mecholsky Jr JJ. The fracture of brittle materials.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2012.
ASTM C 1421-16. Standard test method for the determination of
fracture toughness of advanced ceramics. West Conshohocken.
PA: ASTM International; 2016.
Quinn G. Fractography of Ceramics and Glasses. A NIST
Recommended Practice Guide. Washington, DC: National
Institute of Standards and Technology; 2007.
Quinn JB, Quinn GD. Material properties and fractography of an
indirect dental resin composite. Dent Mater. 2010;26(6):589-599.
doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.008.
[Full text links] [Free PMC Article] [PubMed] Google Scholar (49)
Scopus (36)
Lendenmann U, Wanner M. Tetric EvoCeram / Tetric EvoFlow.
Scientific Documentation. R&D, Schaan, Liechtenstein: Ivoclar
Vivadent; 2011 p. 10.
ASTM C1239 – 13. Standard practice for reporting uniaxial
strength data and estimating Weibull distribution parameters
for advanced ceramics. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM
International; 2008.
Newman Jr JC, Raju IS. An empirical stress-intensity factor
equation for the surface crack. Eng Fract Mech. 1981;15(1-
2):185-192. doi: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1982.tb10357.x.
Google Scholar (1962) Scopus (1355)
ASTM E384-17. Standard test method for microindentation of
materials. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2008.
Marshall DB, Noma T, Evans AG. A simple method for
determining elastic-modulus-to-hardness ratios using
Knoop indentation measurements. J Am Ceram Soc.
1982;65(10):c175-c176.
Google Scholar (493)
Conway Jr JC. Determination of hardness to elastic modulus
ratios using Knoop indentation measurements and a model
based on loading and reloading half-cycles. J Mater Sci.
1986;21(7):2525-2527.
Google Scholar (14) Scopus (11)
Davis DM, Waters NE. Fractography of a bis-GMA
resin. J Dent Res. 1989;68(7):1194-1198. doi:
10.1177/00220345890680071001.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (6) Scopus (4)
Cho SD, Bulpakdi P, Matis BA, Platt JA. Effect of bleaching
on fracture toughness of resin composites. Oper Dent.
2009;34(6):703-708. doi: 10.2341/08-120-L.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (17) Scopus (7)
Ferracane JL, Condon JR. Post-cure heat treatments for
composites: properties and fractography. Dent Mater.
1992;8(5):290-295.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (242) Scopus (159)
Pick B, Meira JB, Driemeier L, Braga RR. A critical view on
biaxial and short-beam uniaxial flexural strength tests applied
to resin composites using Weibull, fractographic and finite
element analyses. Dent Mater. 2010;26(1):83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.
dental.2009.09.002
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (40) Scopus (21)
Ruse N. Fracture mechanics characterization of dental
biomaterials. In: Curtis RV, Watson TF, editors. Dental
Biomaterials: Imaging, Testing and Modeling. 1st ed. Cambridge,
UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2008.
Google Scholar (6)
Ilie N, Hilton TJ, Heintze SD, et al. Academy of Dental Materials
guidance-Resin composites: Part I-Mechanical properties. Dent
Mater. 2017;33(8):880-894. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.013.
Review.
[Full text links] [PubMed] Google Scholar (4)
Stoma Edu J. 2018;5(1): 18-23
http://www.stomaeduj.com