Effects of Farmand and Fränkel-2 functional appliances on mandibular deficiency in late mixed dentition
Original Articles
After treatment , SNB and ANB showed significant changes . The Increase of SNB and decrease of ANB are indicative of favorable changes in the mandibular growth . The increase of GoGn , Co-Gn , and Co-Pog also indicates favorable mandibular growth . The Farmand appliance is a passive tooth-born appliance composed of one extended labial bow on each jaw , two rests ( stop ) on each dental arch , a tongue bow and an acrylic plate . The labial bows with a distance of 1 mm from the labial surfaces of the upper and lower anterior teeth , act as an eruptive guidance for the incisors as well as eliminating the perioral muscles ’ forces , especially in case of severe mentalis muscle contraction . The tongue bow , with its loop in a distal direction , helps the patient to redirect his / her tongue to a distal position , thus removing the tongue pressure from the anterior part of the upper jaw . In addition , the patient is instructed to open and close his / her mandible while stabilizing the appliance on the maxillary arch by the tongue tip . This kind of exercise will improved the patient ’ s adaptation in the new advanced mandibular position . The rests ( stop ), which are placed in the mesial surfaces of the first molars , restrict the first molars mesial movement and assist in achieving Class I molar relationship by forward movement of mandible . In two recent studies , Yassaei and Soroush 17 and Yassaei et al . 21 studied the effects of the Farmand functional appliance on the hyoid bone position in Class II division 1 malocclusion patients . They found that the hyoid bone shifted significantly forward in the horizontal dimension . The results of our study are consistent with the findings of the study conducted by Perillo et al . 6 in which the Fränkel-2 treatment produced a significant
References
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the finding of other functional appliances . The Farmand functional appliance , similar to the Bionator functional appliance is not as bulky as the FR-2 appliance and shows better patient tolerance and does not interfere as much with their speech . The treatment in this study was for skeletal correction and further treatment in all patients was continued with fixed orthodontics .
5 . Conclusion Farmand functional appliances and Fränkel appliance were successful in the correction of mandibular deficiency in Class II division 1 patients and can be used as an alternative functional appliance .
Author Contributions Concept - HP , AJ ; Design - HP , AJ ; Supervision - AJ ; Resources - AM , AD ; Materials - AM , AD ; Data Collection and / or Processing – AM ; Analysis and / or Interpretation - AD , ZK ; Literature Search - LP , LN ; Writing Manuscript - LP , AJ ; Critical Review - LP , AJ . Conflicts of Interest None declared .
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