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QUANTIFICATION OF DENTAL MOVEMENTS IN ORTHODONTIC FOLLOW-UP: A NOVEL APPROACH BASED ON REGISTRATION OF 3D MODELS OF DENTAL CASTS On the other side, RMS value provides a reliable indication concerning the differences between the two casts, which seems to be adherent to the importance of modifications suffered by the patients. In addition, patients who were not treated from an orthodontic point of view, show lower RMS parameters, and this suggests that the metrical parameter is strictly linked to the general modification of the 3D position of dental crowns. Some limits should be acknowledged: first, modifications highlighted by the registration procedures consider also dental eruption, and therefore are partly explained by orthodontic therapy. A possible improvement may consider the elaboration of each dental element, in order to separately consider already erupted elements. Another important limit concerns the possible correlation of RMS with clinical parameters linked to the gain in dental function and aesthetics due to orthodontic therapy. This point is crucial, as it may verify if RMS value in registration of 3D models of dental cases do represent a potentially useful clinical parameter for assessing the success of therapy. 5. Conclusions In conclusion, a novel protocol for the assessment of dental displacement in orthodontic therapy is proposed: further studies on a large sample of patients may provide additional information about the clinical advantages which may derive from its application. Acknowledgments The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study. There are no conflicts of interest and no financial interests to be disclosed. References 1. Ghafari GG. Centennial inventory: the changing face of orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148(5):732-739. Bansal A, Prakash AT, Deepthi, Naik A. A noble, easy and conceptual radiographic analysis to assess the type of tooth movement (molar distalization). J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(8):ZC22-25. Jabbal A, cobourne M, Donaldson N, Bister D. Assessing lower incisor inclination change: a comparison of four cephalometric methods. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38(2):184- 189. Rosati R, De Menezes M, da Silva AM, Rossetti A, Lanza Attisano GC, Sforza C. Stereophotogrammetric evaluation of tooth-induced labial protrusion. J Prosthodont. 2014;23(5):347-352. Kim J, Lagravere MO. Accuracy of Bolton analysis measured in laser scanned digital models compared with plaster models (gold standard) and cone-beam computer tomography images. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46(1):13-19. Kusnoto B, Evans CA. Reliability of a 3D surface laser scanner for orthodontic applications. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122(4):342-348. Hayashi K, Sachdeva AU, Saitoh S, Lee SP, Kubota T, Mizoguchi I. Assessment of the accuracy and reliability of new 3-dimensional scanning device. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144(4):619-625. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Thirvenkatachari B, Al-Abdallah M, Akram NC, Sandler J, O’Brien K. Measuring 3-dimensional tooth movement with a 3-dimensional surface laser scanner. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135(4):480-485. Gibelli D, De Angelis D, Poppa P, Sforza C, Cattaneo C. An assessment of how facial mimicry can change facial morphology: implications for identification. J Forensic Sci. 2017;62(2):405-410. Gibelli D, De Angelis D, Poppa P, Sforza C, Cattaneo C. A view to the future: A novel approach for 3D-3D superimposition and quantification of differences for identification from next-generation video surveillance systems. J Forensic Sci. 2017;62(2):457-461. Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11(3):309- 320. English WR, Summitt JB, Oesterle LJ, Brannon RB, Morlang WM. Individuality of human palatal rugae. J Forensic Sci. 1988;33(3):718-726. Lysell L. Plicae palatinae trasversae and papilla incisiva in man; a morphologic and genetic study. Acta Odontol Scand. 1955; (Suppl. 18):135-137. Jang I, Tanaka M, Koga Y, et al. A novel method for the assessment of three-dimensional tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(3):447-453. Daniele Maria GIBELLI MD, PhD Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Università degli Studi di Milano Via Mangiagalli 31, I-20133, Milano, Italy CV Daniele Maria Gibelli is a researcher in Human Anatomy in Università degli Studi di Milano (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health). His fields of research are the morphological and metrical assessment of anatomical characteristics of bones and teeth, including the anatomical dimorphism, their modification with age, ethnic variability and the analysis of individualizing characteristics. He deals also with the analysis of facial anatomy both in healthy and pathological conditions, for studies concerning the assessment of facial symmetry, modifications with mimicry and anatomical uniqueness of facial structures. 60 Stoma Edu J. 2017;4(1): 55-61. http://www.stomaeduj.com