It was Callaghan’s 1976 Ruskin speech which fired the starting pistol for the
construction of the key pillars of the present English education system: strong
accountability, the improved management of schools, and qualifications for all. These
were brought in by Thatcher’s government but the model could have been Labour’s.
Tony Blair’s academies programme was a further development of these themes: a
revolution in the governance of schools to engender a transformation in outcomes.
The system constructed by Gove is different in scale ?]???X?\??\?[ H[???H???B?] ?X?X??\? ??[]?H ??Y? Y ?H ??[? ? L ??? \?H ??[^\??? ?KYY?[?Y8?'X??\??'H ?^H? ?[??[??Y X?][?? H??[?[????H ?[??X?HX??\???X?H]\??H ]?[ ?[?]?HH ?Y? ??HY X?]Y ???H \????[??] ][??\?H ?Y? ?Y X?]H [K??H]\??Y[? ? H?YY ?? H ?X?\Y[? ???Y X?][?[??? ?] ? ??Y\?????'?[ ?[?]?HH ?Y? ??HY X?]Y ???H \????[??] ][??\?H ?Y? ?Y X?]H [x?'B?Y? \?H\???[??[?\?[? H ??? ?] H?^H?X] \?\?? H?\??[?[??\??Y X?][?[? ??\H???[?X??\?[]?\?H\?[??Y\??Y?K\?X?X[ H[? B???] ] H?^ [X?[???\?? \?H??Y?Y??K ?H ??[?H?X\? ]??H\?XYHX[?HZ\?Z?\?[??Y??X?Y[? ???? X?\?\?H]?Z[X?K H YH[Y?[??H? B?[?]X[ ?]?H???YH ???? ? ?\? ??Y?[ H[?Y\]X]K[? ]X[Y?X?][? ?Y??H\??Y[?[^YY?H ?? [??[????]?\?\??[?X[\???\?[?????X?[?? ? \?B?\???? ?[?K?\?Y X?][? ?X?H ??[?? ?[\ H?H?\?Y? ?XX?[??Y?Z[???H ?] \? ][??X??\??&\? ??????\? ??[?H ??Y?? ??\?? KH?X\?[?YH ? \?[? ? ] H[???Y??X?]?HX[?Y?[Y[?[???\??[??H ? ?X? \?H ?[?H[? X?H[? Z\??[8?&\????? ?[? ?X?? KH?X\?[?YH ? XX?\???X??\?? ?Y? \]X[] H ??\??[?[?]?[?Y[? \? XX?\??[?[ ??\?X[?Y?\???H?\???X\?[?YHXZ?\??X\? ]X??\? ?[??\??[YHHY?][ ?\?[H???? ???? ???? ????X?Y[^H?Z[????YH ???? ?? ?XH H??[]]?] K??[??XY ???? ? ?[?H?Y?Y?H?]??Y\? ?\?H ^H\?H ?X??\??[ ?]]?\??Z\?XZ?]\ ^x?&[?HY?[?K??\?H ^H\?H?? ?X??\??[ HX[?Y?[Y[???H ???? ?[?H ]?] ? [?\? ?][?H?\? ?X??\??[ ??Y\??[?? Y[???]? \?[? X[? XX?\?[Y??\ ??Z[????\?Y H?[??H ? ?[? H ???? ?? ?X?\?[ H H ?[YH ?\?[H ??[?\?]H ?[? \?H\?H?YY ??Z[H?]? ???? ??X? ?\?[ ????HZ]\? H?[X?\?? H ]X[] H???[ H]?Z[X?H X?\?????Z[?? ?Y??X?Y[? ???X?]?H ??Y\??Z]\??Z[?????[]]?]Y\? ?[?B?\?Z] Y ??Y?] ?[[ ???H ?X??X? ?[??X?[?[? ???[?? ???? ?Y? ^B?\?H [?X?H ?[[?? ?]H H?\X?] H ?[\ ??H [K????X\???]??\??\?B???]?? ][?\?K?]???B??