( MoMD ) was supporting DC movement and security . Some DCs quoted by IOM stated that once the DCs reached ISF troops , they were provided transportation to DC camps . 12 , 13 Press reports have described DCs being transported to camps by ISF in trucks and busses . 14 , 15 Some DCs reported traveling on foot for distances ranging from 5 km to 24 km .
13 , 16
Security screening of DCs leaving Mosul appears to be standard . Screening sites are apparently located at intermediate locations en route to DC camps . 17 IOs are providing support to screening sites , to include onward transportation to camps in some cases . 18 , 19 The length of stay at a screening site varies . One DC family reported spending 5 hours at a screening site . 20 Those who are detained for higher level screening stay at the screening site for 3 to 5 days . UN monitors criticized some ISF screening sites for having insufficient food , water , and clothing available . 21
Some NGOs criticized ISF for not publicizing safe escape routes for DCs in advance of operations in Mosul . It appears that ISF has been designating DC routes , but this is being done on an ad hoc basis , with routes being identified based on current security conditions .
22 , 23 , 24
IOs have made positive statements about ISF treatment of civilians . OCHA referred to what it calls the ISF ’ s “ humanitarian concept of operations ” which puts " civilian protection at the center of their battle plan ." 25 According to one UN official , elements of the ISF plan for protecting DCs include a prohibition on artillery strikes , a " stay put " policy , and provision of “ humanitarian exit corridors .” 26 Another UN official stated that the ISF ’ s humanitarian concept of operations " prioritises the protection of civilians in an unprecedented manner in both the planning and the conduct of the military operations , based on the lessons learned from mistakes of the previous liberation operations ." 21 OCHA attributed low humanitarian impact in the early stages of western Mosul operations to “ continued adherence to the humanitarian concept of operations by the [ ISF ].” 27
The primary DC camps intended to receive the first wave of DCs were set up at Qayyarah Jad ' ah , Qayyarah airstrip and Haj Ali , about 50 miles south of Mosul . 28 A second tier of DC camps was established about 30 miles east of Mosul . 29 The MoMD appears to be leading a joint effort with IOs in development of DC plans , including camp site selection .
30 , 31
Some of the DC camps are referred to by IOM as ‘ emergency sites ’ as opposed to camps . Emergency sites are different from camps in that they begin accepting DC occupants with only minimal support services in place , although services can be upgraded incrementally . The intent is to minimize construction time so the site can start accepting DCs as soon as possible . For simplicity this lesson groups emergency sites under the generic term ‘ camps .’ 30
Table of Contents | Quick Look | Contact PKSOI Page 19 of 28