CONCLUSION
Numerous past operations – OEF, OIF, Joint Endeavor, Uphold Democracy, and Just
Cause/ Promote Liberty – have illustrated both the importance and the challenges of
Transitional Public Security efforts. Key recommendations/takeaways from those
operations with regard to TPS include:
Training:
1. Provide training for the General Purpose Forces on TPS tasks, particularly “establish
civil security and public order” and “conduct interim detention.”
2. Provide cultural awareness training/education for all deploying personnel. As
emphasized in the conclusion of the PKSOI lessons learned publication Leadership
in Stability Operations: Understanding/Engaging the People: Ensure that deploying
organizations are sufficiently resourced and trained to address the “human domain.”
Organization:
1. Ensure that the deploying force is sufficiently resourced with police personnel/units –
both military (MP) and civilian.
2. In Coalition/multinational stability operations, consider requesting the deployment
of paramilitary police units (e.g., French Gendarmerie, Italian Carabinieri, etc.), which
are better suited than conventional military forces for police roles because they have
been trained to deal with public order issues and have expertise on the appropriate
applications of force.
3. Include Special Forces within the organizational construct; leverage their abilities
to readily adapt to local conditions, engage local community members with cultural
understanding, and work/partner with local personnel to establish and sustain
security in their areas.
4. With overarching direction from the U.S. Country Team, the U.S. military force in-
country should consider establishing special groups to help manage Transitional
Public Security efforts [e.g., Judicial Liaison Group (JLG), U.S. Forces Liaison Group
(USFLG), etc.]
Doctrine:
1. Work by, with, and through the local power-holders for restoring/maintaining civil
security and public order.
2. Work by, with, and through the local/traditional systems of justice to meet adjudica-
tion requirements.
3. Connect U.S./Coalition police personnel (e.g., MPs, paramilitary police, etc.) with
Civil Affairs/CIMIC personnel. Liaison, expertise, information, and analysis from Civil
Affairs/CIMIC can be highly beneficial for law enforcement/security efforts and for
optimizing understanding of the environment.
4. Throughout operations, personnel conducting TPS should take/tailor actions with
cultural astuteness – engaging (appropriately) with local security/police personnel,
local officials, and local societal groups.
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