2 . UN HQ needs to provide improved leadership education for senior civilian leaders , senior military leaders within Missions ( Force Commanders , Deputy Force Commanders , battalion commanders ) and police leaders – particularly on the subjects of Protection of Civilians , Rules of Engagement , Use of Force , and Force Protection .
3 . Senior leaders ( civilian and military ) need to pay attention to warning signs . In establishing a mission-wide early warning system , senior leaders should incorporate mechanisms along the lines of Commander ’ s Critical Information Requirements ( CCIR ). CCIR are elements of friendly and threat information that the commander / leader identifies as critical to timely decision-making . ( NOTE : See “ Joint Publication 3-0 , Joint Operations ” for more information about CCIR .)
4 . Senior leaders need to act during crisis incidents , particularly incidents of spiraling violence . If they fail to act , they should be held accountable and removed from their positions .
5 . Senior leaders need to establish a command climate that has elements of trust , unity of effort , and information-sharing – to facilitate both early warning and responding to crises .
6 . Senior leaders need to emphasize the importance of Protection of Civilians – whether included in the mandate or not . ( NOTE : See “ Strategic Lesson Number 13 : The Imperative of Protecting Civilians .”)
7 . Senior leaders should ensure proper physical security and force protection measures are put into place around all camps ( including POC sites ) – and should require camp leaders to check them daily and address any identified deficiencies immediately .
8 . Senior leaders need to establish response drills for crisis scenarios and Protection of Civilian scenarios . They need to practice those drills with subordinate leaders and staffs .
9 . Senior leaders should incorporate lessons learned – covering the subjects of Protection of Civilians , Rules of Engagement , Use of Force , and Force Protection – into their plans , procedures , and response drills .
10 . Senior leaders should mentor subordinate leaders on the subjects of Protection of Civilians , Rules of Engagement , Use of Force , and Force Protection .
11 . Senior leaders need to establish prevention measures appropriate to their specific situation – to help prevent local disputes form escalating into violence .
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