RocketSTEM Issue #9 - October 2014 | Page 30

Rosetta’s first sighting of its target was taken on 21 March by the OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera. The comet is indicated by the small circle next to the bright globular star cluster M107. The image was taken from a distance of about 5 million kilometres to the comet. Credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team Rosetta’s OSIRIS narrow angle camera captured this image of the comet on 7 August from a distance of 104 km. Credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team In preparation for the November 12 landing of the companion Philae spacecraft, Rosetta is taking up an orbit only 19 miles above the surface of the comet. The final landing site was chosen as the primary landing site because the majority of terrain within a square kilometre area has slopes of less than 30º relative to the local vertical and because there are relatively few large boulders. Because the gravity of the 10-billion-ton nucleus is so weak, Philae will actually approach the surface at about 2 miles per hour and “dock” with the surface, just like NASA’s Space Shuttle used to dock with the International Space Station. To avoid bouncing off, Philae will immediately launch two harpoons into the icy surface to anchor itself. The comet reaches its closest point to the Sun, called perihelion, on Aug. 13, 2015, and the Rosetta mission ends in December 2015, so we will at last be able to see how the comet nucleus outgasses to form a tail. Because perihelion is 30-percent farther from the Sun than Earth’s orbit, the comet will not heat up very much, so the flow of vaporized water and other volatiles from the surface will be pretty weak. The comet’s Five candidate sites (from an initial selection of 10 possible sites) were identified for landing of the Philae probe. The approximate locations of the five regions are marked on these OSIRIS narrow-angle camera images taken on 16 August from a distance of about 100 km. Credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team 28 28 www.RocketSTEM .org