RocketSTEM Issue #10 - February 2015 | Page 17

Looks like a nice place: astronaut training In the early days of manned spaceflight, NASA recruited pilots to become astronauts. They were already trained to fly and survive in a harsh environment if they needed to after a failure of their aircraft for any reason. With the advent of the Space Shuttle and afterwards, the International Space Station, more specialized Astronauts, known as Mission Specialists on Shuttle flights, are now required. Mission Specialists perform tasks such as servicing satellite, servicing the ISS, performing experiments, and other tasks that a military pilot might not have the advanced education and training to perform. So NASA turned to civilians and non-pilot military personnel to fill these new astronauts positions on the shuttle and ISS crews. One part of the astronaut candidates training is known as wilderness survival training. Whether launching on a rocket, or flying in an aircraft, a mechanical failure could land them in a very remote part of the world, so survival training is a must. Much of this initial training occurs at the Navy’s 12,500-acre Rangeley mountain wilderness training facility at Brunswick Naval Air Station. Here they will learn land survival, navigation, and field medicine. Since some of these new astronauts did not come from a pilot background, they will require similar flight and survival training as their pilot counterparts had. The Naval Air Station (NAS) at Pensacola, Florida has been providing training for Astronaut Candidates (often referred to as ASCANS) for many years now. The candidates receive water survival training, aviation physiology and flight training, including flight training in simulators, familiarization flights and instrument training flights. Once selected, the astronauts will travel a lot in NASA’s T-38 aircraft with an experienced pilot, so therefore flight training is essential to them. NASA astronaut candidate Christina Hammock starts a fire successfully during wilderness survival training near Rangeley, Maine. Credit: NASA/Lauren Harnett Group 15, 1995 Astronaut Class Candidates (ASCANs) participate in training and survival activities at Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida.. Credit: NASA Ringing the bell: international space station What a better way to end this article then with one more Navy tradition that has made its way into our human spaceflight program. Bells have been used in the Navy for a long time now. Among other things, they are used to signal the arrival or departure of important personnel, such as a Captain, Flag Officer, or other high ranking personnel. They are also used to signal a change in command. Today onboard the International Space Station, such a bell resides and is rung whenever a spaceship arrives or departs. So now we ring the bell and depart this story. Astronauts Brent W. Jett, Jr. (left) and William M. Shepherd participate in an old Navy tradition of ringing a bell to announce the arrival or departure of someone to a ship. The bell is mounted on the wall in the Unity node of the International Space Stat