Review/Oorsig Volume 22, Issue 04 | Page 29

Volume 22 • Issue 04 • 2018 is adequate. In terms of hygiene, consider both the environment and fomites (bottles, staff hands etc.) and remember that healthy adult cows shed most of the causes of calf diarrhoea in their faeces. Separation of calves from older animals and footbaths/handwashing when entering the calf area should be implemented. We are moving out of the era when we could rely on antibiotics to cover up poor management and biosecurity. AO - 18 Jan 2016 We have tried with “limited” success 50:50: Keno-Cox a sporocidal product made by CID Lines. We spray the environment and also wash the prolapses before reducing them and placing a retaining suture. Normal procedure of wound treatment and disinfection followed. Spray for fly worries. I try to improve the immune status – nutritionally – increased energy and protein (winter) and immune stimulants (levamizole and vitamins nucleotides etc). Increase the moisture content of the feed and lowering the water intake. Get the environment dry. We use “Pienk Poeier” Stalsosan (commercially available) dusted over the sleeping areas. It dries it out/ disinfects in summer but not completely in winter. Winter we take out bedding – place slaked lime (“gebluste kalk”) under the bedding and add some stalosan as a sprinkle over the bedding. I have found agricultural lime to be to inert for being a disinfectant or changing the environment. I have also used clays Zeolyte and Bentonite to absorb the moisture. It must be removed on a regular basis to maintain a dry environment. – I presume you want to reduce the E coli and clostridial load. Clostridium I strongly think you must look at nutrition management. That is where clostridium plays an important role JC - 27 Nov 2017 The BCS (body condition score) that the dam/ cow reflects in the week prior to calving has a direct correlation to the percentage of IgG that the calf receives from the colostrum. This also is correlated to: • • • • Increased period from calving to first heat Decreased conception Often results in long breeding seasons Generally result in lower average weaning weights Crypto is a major immune stressor through its pathophysiological effect on the local gut defence and including Maryke’s comments especially the environmental factors and cattle movement it has now probably become the biggest cattle neonatal challenge. In cases where we are involved in AE (adverse event) reporting, we encounter it where there is a shortcoming in one or more of the following factors: • • • • • • Nutrition / BCS Vaccination program Indiscriminate cattle movement Environmental sewage contamination Management Lack of understanding of the complex aetiology of modern day neonatal diarrhoea by all in the livestock sector. Similar to brucellosis ? Eagerly awaiting Halocur registration ! And maybe a vaccine development ? RM - 28 Nov 2017 I found the best management tool is to limit exposure: I managed to turn a 25% mortality into less than 5% year on year by just implementing these basics. I like to use Kaopectin mixes (Kyron). Electrolytes with amino acids make a big difference (my workers tell me Kyron’s Prolyte is the best) 1. new calving areas 2. remove calves asap( I’m of the opinion that the main contamination is from the dam's udder) 3. have an all-in all-out system in calf pens 4. meticulous cleaning of feeding equipment and calf pens. Pay attention to the habit of stacking milk buckets into each other (dirty bottoms) 5. NO raised calf pens "no amount of colostrum can overcome a filthy unhygienic calf pen" (think it was from a Maquire article) FM - 01 June 2018 (Translated from Afr. – Ed) Best Francois. I hear you may have a disinfectant that you use for Crypto? Details please FvN- 20 June 2018 (Translated from Afr. - Ed) The product is chlordioxide by Stericlear. 29