Quarry Southern Africa September 2018 | Page 37

ENVIRONMENT IN FOCUS a list of legal requirements that have to be met. This means that setting up a project site can take as long as between eight and 18 months — and even longer if there are issues. These are not always fully addressed due to budget and other constraints such as lack of awareness on legal requirements. The location of legal waste landfill sites, especially in rural areas, make waste disposal very expensive,” says Van Schalkwyk. “Many of the risks are not well understood and frequently offences are committed by individuals blithely ignorant that they are doing anything wrong.” There is a list of activities relating to waste for which licenses are required, some of which are applicable to construction sites: • The temporary storage of more than 100m 3 of general waste • The temporary storage of more than 80m 3 of hazardous waste • The disposal of any quantity of hazardous waste • The sorting, shredding, grinding, crushing, screening, or bailing of general waste at a facility that has an operational area in excess of 1 000m 2 . “Labelling of waste (as either ‘general’ or ‘hazardous’) is a requirement, bearing in mind that empty cement bags are considered hazardous, along with grinders, discs, and welding rods. These all need to be kept separate from other waste streams and labelled hazardous. Fluorescent tubes may not be crushed or disposed of — only recycled. Other spent equipment should be disposed of in the correct manner, including aircon units. This is typically because of the components within these appliances that are not simple waste material but items requiring recycling. All waste must be disposed of at a licensed landfill site and safe-disposal certificates obtained and kept on file at site. The companies taking away this waste must also have the necessary approvals — and sometimes this doesn’t happen. Waste should not be mixed with rubble and overburden,” adds Van Schalkwyk. Any hydrocarbon contaminated soil must be disposed of as hazardous waste where construction machinery is used. Oily rags must be placed in an impermeable container and be disposed of as hazardous waste. “Authorities often lack the capacity to enforce these regulations, but companies should nonetheless comply for the reason that it is the right thing to do for the environment in general,” advises Van Schalkwyk. Air quality Many people die each year from poor air quality — but it often goes unnoticed and QUARRY SA | SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2018 _ 35