Popular Culture Review Vol. 7, No. 2, August 1996 | Page 56

Dr. William Stewart Halsted, one of
the four doctors who founded
the Johns Hopkins Medical
center and known as the father
of modern surgery— a
responsible, productive, wellrespected physician and
educator— took morphine daily
for almost his entire professional
life .... The only thing that made
his relationship with morphine
potentially unhealthy was the
fact he had to keep it so hidden.