Popular Culture Review Vol. 25, No. 2, Summer 2014 | Page 30

26 Lawrence, and many others before her, Oldham includes a “writer/artist” character in her narrative representing herself. This character has outsider status and artistic talents which enable him to give the audience solid and extensive insight into character and motivation. Moreover, he can comment on the world of Beowulf, on the nature of composition in general, and more specifically on the history of the composition of the Beowulf poem. By presenting the poem from a new perspective, that of the boy Hrethric and the Scop Angenga, she can, as Barthes says, “produce the text, open it out, set it going” (904) in a new direction. Since, according to Barthes, one cannot actually re-write a work, Oldham instead “pre writes” Beowulf, going back to the story before it was the “work” as we know it and examining its means of production. In other words, she imagines herself into the world of Beowulf in the guise of someone who not only takes an active part in the events recorded in the poem, but who actually himself composes a version of the Beowulf poem which pre dates the one we know. Crafting an authorial persona for herself in the story differentiates Oldham from the Beowulf poet, who takes no active part in the events of the poem, and instead puts her more in line with authors such as Chaucer, who project themselves into the stories. Richard Neuse states: We do credit a character like “Chaucer the pilgrim” with at least potential depth, interiority, mystery, even before the text has had much opportunity to establish its identity or “voice.” (Neuse 9) By putting himself in the story as a voice with all this potential, Chaucer plays a visible role as a character directly involved in the observation and re-telling of the events depicted in his poetry. By impersonating the “voices” of different pilgrims, Chaucer “ultimately impersonates himself’ (Neuse 10). Likewise, Oldham’s scop, embodies who she might be if she were a participant in the Beowulf Text. And, like Chaucer, Oldham shares similarities with her literary alter-ego: the scop makes references to geography and history known to modem British schoolchildren, though not known to the historic Geats of the Beowulf poem. Reading Oldham in conjunction with Barthes, I suggest this scop’s interpretation of the story’s events form a pre-version of the Beowulf work that we know today. And, through the scop character — the only “writer” in the story — the author herself can take an active '@