Popular Culture Review Vol. 20, No. 2, Summer 2009 | Page 47

The Simplification of NFL Team Logos 43 are familiar with (from sportslogos.net). Again, the transformation of Green Bay’s logo is one of simplification as it moved from the iconic to the symbolic. The white oval “G” framed against a hunter green background creates the brightness contrast necessary for good television viewing in the 1960s. Several other teams use the Packers’ circular oval shape (Bears, Steelers, Redskins, 49ers, Rams). In most of the logos, the circle serves as a frame or boundary for the logo. In the case of the circular “C” of the Chicago Bears and the circular ram’s horn of the St. Louis Rams, the circle is the most important element of the logo. The circle symbolically connotes unity and wholeness—keys to team success and the simplicity of the logo itself. Washington Redskins Notwithstanding the controversy about using Native-American names and imagery, the Washington Redskins’ logo has gone through numerous changes since the 1930s (see Eitzen & Zinn, 2001; Pewewardy, 2004). The image that occurs most often is the head of a Native American with most of their logos remaining iconic (the one exception is the 1970-71 logo using the “R” in the circle instead of the head). Vince Lombardi, who left the Packers to coach the Redskins, influenced the design of the 1970-71 “R” logo. He wanted a logo similar to the Packers and thus the design change. Lombardi died, howe ver, before he could coach the Redskins using this logo (from sportslogos.net). Directionally, the head and other logos have a left-to-right orientation, although there was some experimentation in 1982 with the head facing the other way. The story told about this logo is that the equipment manager had such a difficult time applying the straight feathers of the previous logo designs that he went for an easier option (see Creamer’s website at sportslogos.net for this story). But, with the suggestion of the National Football League, the logo was switched back to the left-to-right direction the next year. As either a profile of a Native American or a spear with feather, the logo for the Redskins remained primarily iconic throughout the years. However, a cleaner, simpler use of line drawing emerged in the 1960s. Arizona Cardinals The Cardinals have moved from city to city over the years. This alone has challenged the team and their logo design. Their first logo, when they were in Chicago in the 1920s and 30s, was similar to that of both the Bears and the baseball Cubs. It was ineffective and did not present a separate and unique personality for the football team. The 1947 logo helped make that transition to a team, different from other Chicago teams, with a red cardinal overlaid onto a line-drawn football. They moved to St. Louis in 1960 and the logo became the cardinal bird head much like what we see today. This branding stuck with the team with their move to Arizona. A slight change was made in 2005 to darken the outline of the logo and make the bird look angrier by furrowing its brow more deeply. The darkened outline helped to create a sense of contrast and set the logo off from the team’s white helmet. Again we see a transition to a