PECM Issue 32 2018 | Page 47

There are different types of steam trap used in the upstream and downstream industry. Depending on the suitability of the process, these different types of traps are employed. Typical examples are as follows; together. When cold the bimetallic strip is flat, allowing the valve to open. When steam enters the chamber, the strip is heated and takes an oval shape, causing the valve to close. It is always used in constant steam main and tracing lines. • Inverted bucket trap • Impulse steam trap • Balanced pressure thermostatic trap • Float actuated trap • Bimetallic trap INVERTED BUCKET TRAP: Several principles is employed in the operation of this trap. The water and steam enters at the bottom and flow upward into the inverted bucket. As long as the bucket contains steam, it is buoyed up in same way that an inverted empty bucket is buoyed up in water. While in this position, the valve is closed and there is no discharge of water or steam from the trap. As water enters the bucket it displaces the steam and the bucket looses its buoyancy and drops, causing the valve to open. After the water has been discharged, the bucket again fills with steam, the buoyancy is restored and the valve closes. A small vent at the top of the bucket allows air to escape, thus preventing it from interfering with trap position. BIMETALLIC TRAP: Like in Port Harcourt Refining Company Ltd, Nigeria, the most commonly used steam trap is the bimetallic trap. This trap is small and lightweight and provides maximum discharge of non-condensables. It can withstand freezing, water hammer, high pressure and super-heated steam. It discharges condensate well below steam temperature to reduce flash steam. The bimetallic trap consists of a strip of two dissimilar metals with different coefficient heat of expansion joined THERMOSTATIC TRAP: The release of air is controlled by a thermostatic vent which Issue 32 PECM 47