Paul and Anke Hoeffler, ‘On Economics Causes of Civil war’,
Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 50, issue 4, 1992, pp 563-
573.
4
Kotia E., (2015) Ghana Armed Forces in Lebanon and Liberia
Peace Operations, Lexington Books, USA.
5
Ibid.
6
Berdal, Mats R., and David Malone. Greed & Grievance:
Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
Pub, 2000; Paul Collier, “The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest
Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It”. Cary,
NC: Oxford University Press, 2007; Paul Collier, "Post-conflict
recovery: How should strategies be distinctive?." Journal of Af-
rican Economies 18, no. suppl 1 (2009): i99-i131; Paul Collier,
and Anke Hoeffler. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Oxford
Economic Paper 56, no. 4 (2004): 563-595.
7
Ibid.
8
Princeton, N. L., & Morrison, S. “The terrorist threat in Afri-
ca. Council on Foreign Relations”, 83(1), (2004). 75-86.
9
Achimugu J. Omede “Nigeria: Analyzing the Security Chal-
lenges of the Goodluck Jonathan Administration” Canadian
Social Science, Vol. 7 No. 5, (2011) pp. 90-102.
10
John Campbell “US Policy to Counter Nigeria’s Boko Ha-
ram”, Council Special Report No. 70
November, 2014, p.10.
11
BBC Report. (April 3, 2015). Kenya attack: 147 dead in Ga-
rissa University assault. Retrieved June 28, 2016, from
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32169080
12
Richard Hughbank,'Intelligence and Its Role in protecting
Against Terrorism’, Journal of Strategic Studies Number 1, Vol-
ume 3, No1, March 2010.
13
French Anti-Terror Efforts in Africa’s Sahel Region: www.
globalresearch.ca, 6 April 2016.
14
Multinational Joint Force: www.globalsecurity.org.
15
David Okereke, “How Nigeria Can Overcome Terrorism, In-
surgency and Instability”, Vigilance Magazine, ( 2013) available
at http://www.vigilance-securitymagazine.com/industrynews/
terrorism-watch/4542-how-nigeria-can-overcome-terrorism-in-
surgency-and-instability (accessed 07 June 2016)
16
Ibid.
17
See Robyn Dixon, “In Nigeria, Distrust Hampers the Fight
against Boko Haram,” Los Angeles Times, June 23, 2014.
18
Emmanuel Kotia & Mustapha Abdallah, “An Evolving
Security Dilemma: Adopting a Comprehensive Approach to
the Changing Dynamics of Terrorism in Africa” International
Relations and Diplomacy 4(2), 2016, 85-94.
19
Ibid
3
14