and the civilian component , especially humanitarian organizations . The primary function of the Cluster System is for efficient and timely response to emergencies . However , the current system in South Sudan loses its ability to rapidly and efficiently respond to emergencies . One suggestion is to implement a joint tasking system in UNMISS , as validated by its effective use by the MINUSTAH JOTC .
In order to implement some of these drastically enhanced structures and functions into the UNMISS , the concept of Integrated Mission should be reviewed to identify structural and functional improvements . The reform and streamlined structure of the Integrated Mission concept is necessary in order to realize efficient function , particularly in the areas of information management , command and control , coordination between civilian actors and military force , and a truly integrated joint tasking system . The immediate challenges that UNMISS faces is dealing with recurrent violence and following humanitarian crisis . The reform to build an enhanced Mission structure will be an immediate challenge for UNMISS and UNHQs in New York to achieve more effective responses to crisis situations , and eventually support a lasting settlement .
Notes :
1
United Nations Peacekeeping Operations : Principle and Guidelines , UNDPKO / DFS , 2008 , p . 25 .
2
Letter dated 1 November 2016 from Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council , S / 2016 / 924 , paras . 9-13 .
3
Ibid ., para . 7 .
4
The mission has one soldier per 100 km , almost three times less peacekeepers compared to the territory of the next comparable UN mission . S / 2015 / 446-A / 70 / 95 , Report of the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations on Uniting our Strengths for Peace , Politics , Partnerships and People , June 16 , 2015 , pp . 47-48 .; and See Letter dated 1 November 2016 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council , S / 2016 / 924 , para . 17 .
5
The integrated mission means multidimensional peacekeeping operation . These terms are used properly as an administrative term and operational term in UN doctrines and guidelines .
6
UNDPKO / DFS , ‘ United Nations Peacekeeping Operations : Principles and Guidelines ’, 2008 , p . 28 .
7
DPKO Policy Directive , ‘ Joint Operation Centres and Joint Mission Analysis Centres ’, June 1 , 2008 , para . 19 .
8
United Nations Force Headquarters Handbook , DPKO / DFS , November 2014 , p . 15
9
Ibid , p . 17 .
10
Ibid , p . 39 .
11
Ibid , p . 15 .
12
DPKO Policy Directive , ‘ Joint Operation Centres and Joint Mission Analysis Centres ’, June 1 , 2008 , para . 17 .
13
S / 2016 / 924 , November 1 , 2016 , para . 8 .
14
United Nations Force Headquarters Handbook , DPKO / DFS , November 2014 , p . 15
15
Ibid , p . 40 .
16
Ibid , p . 30 .
17
S / 2016 / 924 , November 1 , 2016 , paras . 7-9 .
18
Ibid , para . 13 .
19
Ibid , para . 8-9 .
20
This command and control structure is common standard in other UN peacekeeping missions .
21
Presentation by Col Erdenebat ( Erka ) Batsuuri , ‘ The Protection of Civilians in South Sudan ’, February 1 , 2017 , 0900-1000 , Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute ( PKSOI )
22 https :// www . humanitarianresponse . info / en / about-clusters / what-is-the-cluster-approach
23
Humanitarian Country Team , ‘ Guidelines for the Coordination between Humanitarian Actors and the United Nations Mission in South Sudan ’, December 6 , 2013
24
The IASC Reference Paper on Civil-Military Relationship in Complex Emergencies ( 2004 ), the IASC Guidelines on the Use of Armed Escorts for Humanitarian Convoys ( revised 2013 ).
25
Humanitarian Country Team , ‘ Guidelines for the Coordination between Humanitarian Actors and the United Nations Mission in South Sudan ’, December 6 , 2013 , p . 7 .
26
UN Civil-Military Coordination Officer Field Handbook , UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ( OCHA ) and the Humanitarian Aid Department of the European Commission ( DG ECHO ) in Brussels on 10 March 2008 , p . 16
27
DPKO , Civil-Military Coordination Policy , para . 8
28
Report of the United Nations in Haiti 2010 : Situation , Challenges and Outlook , United Nation Office in Haiti ( UNOH ), 2010 , p . 10 . See also , Fact Sheet – Earthquake Activities
29
MINUSTAH ’ s , MINUSTAH , January 10 , 2011 , pp . 1-2 S / RES / 2304 , August 12 , 2016 , para . 5 ., and UNMISS Website , UNMISS mandate , http :// www . un . org / en / peacekeeping / missions / unmiss / mandate . shtml
40