level engagement will be critical in realizing these objectives.
The challenge, of course, remains in achieving a consensus and
operationalizing these approaches.
Notes:
Jashim M. Uddin, “Security sector reform in Bangladesh,”
South Asian Survey 16, no. 2 (February 2009), 209.
2
Salma Malik, “Security sector reforms in Pakistan: Challenges,
remedies and future prospects,” South Asian Survey 16, no. 2
(Winter 2009), 273.
3
Ibid.
4
Throughout this article, “IJK” refers to the Indian-administered part of Jammu and Kashmir. “Kashmir” is an abbreviated
way of saying “Jammu and Kashmir,” and also focuses attention
on the area where much of the fighting has taken place. Lastly,
“AJK” (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) refers to the part of Kashmir
under Pakistani administration.
5
For the purposes of this article, the term Security Sector is
used to describe the structures, institutions, and personnel, responsible for the management, provision, and oversight of security in a country. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that the
security sector includes defense, law enforcement, corrections,
intelligence services and institutions responsible for border
management, customs and civil emergencies. Elements of the judicial sector responsible for the adjudication of cases of alleged
criminal conduct and misuse of force are, in many instances also
included (UN Nations Definition, http://unssr.unlb.org/SSR/
Definitions.aspx).
6
Kashmir Intifada includes the secessionist groups such as the
Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front and The All-Parties Hurriyat Conference/Alliance who try to garner local support for
the cause of Azadi (independence), because ethnic Kashmiris
regard themselves as culturally different from the rest of the
Indian sub-continent; Timothy D. Sisk, International mediation in civil wars: Bargaining with bullets, (London: Routledge,
2009), 168.
7
Ibid.
8
Debidatta Aurobinda Mahapatra, “Symbiosis of peace and
development in Kashmir: An imperative for conflict transformation,” Conflict Trends no. 4 (2009), 26.
9
Ibid.
10
The Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) refers to the
current position that divides Indian and Pakistani troops in the
Siachen Glacier region. The line extends from the northernmost point of the LOC to the Indira Col mountain pass.
11
Sisk International mediation, 168.
12
Declan Walsh, “U.S. troop pullout affects India-Pakistan
rivalry,” The New York Times, 16 Augu