The Sky This Month
Planetary Nebulae?
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Is it a Planet? – You may have heard
the term, Planetary Nebulae, and wondered whether giant
planets are out there in the vastness of space. Well, there are
giant planets, but they are not called Planetary Nebula.
Dr. Renita Frost, O.D.
Ind. Doctor of Optometry
Terri Antone A.B.O.C.
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6 November 2015
pccnews
Brian Biggs
Welcome to our night-time sky.
Please enjoy this month’s tidbits of
knowledge. We are lucky to live in a
dark-sky area where the heavens can
shine through. I hope you enjoy the
sky and perhaps learn a thing or two.
Happy star gazing!
Planetary Nebula is a misnomer that happened to stick. Back
in the early days of telescopes, astronomers could differentiate
between planets and stars since the planets were more than a
point – the planets actually had a disk that could be resolved.
Planetary Nebulae are actually dying stars that have exploded
to a size that can be resolved as a disk through telescopes.
They begin their life as a star, similar in size to our sun, at
the time when the star runs out of hydrogen fuel. When the
fuel runs out, there is no more energy to keep the star from
imploding on itself. When the star implodes, the compression
heats the interior from about 15 million to 100 million degrees,
which is hot enough to fuse helium into carbon and oxygen.
This fusion reaction is very sensitive to temperature and the
reaction begins to pulsate - eventually creating enough energy
to blow the star’s atmosphere into space. As the star then cools,
the gases are ionized by ultra-violate radiation and begin to
glow. The glowing remains of the star are a planetary nebula.
After about 10,000 years, the star cools enough to contract
again and becomes a white dwarf comprised mainly of carbon
and oxygen compressed to about the density of Earth.
Sky Pyramids – Did you know that the ancient pyramids in
Giza, Egypt may have a direct link to the stars?
A man named Robert Bauval who was born in Alexandria,
Egypt, developed the idea. One night in 1983, while working
in Saudi Arabia, he took his family and a friend’s family
up into the sand dunes of the Arabian Desert for a camping
expedition. His friend pointed out Orion, and mentioned that
Alnitak, the smaller more easterly of the stars making up
Orion’s belt was offset slightly from the others. Bauval knew
that the smallest pyramid in Giza was also slightly offset from
the others. He made a connection between the layout of the
three main stars in Orion’s belt and the layout of the three
main pyramids in the Giza.
Bauval compared the layout of the pyramids and the Nile as
compared to Orion and the Milky Way. Their positions were
a close match, but not the revelation that he expected. Bauval
then realized that the Earth changes its orientation to the stars
over time. By turning the clock back to 10,450 B.C., Bauval
found a near exact match. The pyramids lined up exactly with
Orion’s belt and the Nile lined up exactly with the Milky Way.
You will soon be able to catch a view of Orion in the eastern
sky as he comes out of his hibernation to dominate the winter
skies.
—Brian Biggs, Amateur Astronomer