Network Magazine summer 2014 | Page 38

INJURY & REHAB AVOID LOWER BACK AND PELVIC INJURIES IN PREGNANT CLIENTS By training your pregnant client to maintain physical fitness you can help her avoid injury and increase the likelihood of a good birthing experience. WORDS: JENNY DOYLE any physical changes occur during pregnancy in order to prepare the body for giving birth. When training a woman during her pregnancy, it is important to understand how these changes affect her, so that you can help her avoid sustaining common injuries and musculoskeletal problems. These include lower back pain, sacroiliac pain, pubic symphysis dysfunctions and pelvic floor dysfunction, among many others. Significant physiological changes experienced during pregnancy include increased cardiorespiratory capacity, and musculoskeletal, hormonal and other physiological adaptations. Hormonal changes during pregnancy cause increased mobility of the joints, which can often result in lower back or sacroiliac pain. Balance may be affected by changes in posture (Butler et al. 2006), which can increase risk of falling. A reduction in muscle strength and tone has also been M 38 | NETWORK SUMMER 2014 documented. All of the above can affect physical performance and increase the likelihood of musculoskeletal injuries. Aims of exercise during pregnancy There are three main aims when it comes to training a pregnant client: 1. Maintain fitness, health and optimal weight 2. Maintain or improve core strength (including pelvic floor) 3. Reduce musculoskeletal pain and problems. The primary goal throughout pregnancy is to maintain physical fitness, not to increase it and lose weight. Exercise contributes to keeping the body weight within reasonable limits, which is important for the woman and the foetus. It is important to let your client know that her fitness will not improve while she is pregnant. Rather, let her know that the aim of her training program will be to prevent common musculoskeletal problems and improve her likelihood of having a good birthing experience. The forms of physical activity that are recommended for cardiovascular fitness