Unless you are a lichenologist, you probably do not care,
but I challenge you to become interested or at least, aware.
Should you get hooked, there is actually a sport called,
“adventure lichenology,” which involves camping and
discovering lichens in remote locations. While I might not go
that far, in my frequent visits to the woods I have found them
to be intriguing photographic subjects.
Lichens are not single organisms. Their form and structure
are unique. Of special interest are their complex symbiotic
relationships with algae, cyanobacteria, and one or two fungi.
The partners in this mutually beneficial relationship provide
for gathering nutrients and moisture from the environment,
facilitation photosynthesis, and anchoring the plant. In dry
conditions, they may appear gray or neutral, taking the hue of
the fungi. A green coloration can be prominent if they merge
with a green alga, while green, brown, or black hues result
from cyanobacteria.
In recent studies, lichenologists have made a startling
discovery. For years researchers assumed that lichens
contained only two partners. Recent advanced laboratory
studies have revealed that there is a third order of fungi, an
unrelated yeast, that may be present. This fungus promotes
endurance and indicates lichens can exist with three
components. This finding was such a significant revelation
that a new order of fungi was created along with its own
taxon. Reports compared it to the discovery of primates.
The amazing symbiotic relationships in this tiny plant are
thought to be responsible for its extraordinary sustainability
and adaptability. To become established requires time, an
undisturbed area, and, more importantly, clean air. Therefore
lichens have become bio-indicators of air quality. Because
they are susceptible to atmospheric chemical changes, areas
with heavy sulfur dioxide content cannot support lichens.
Good quality air can produce leafy varieties, and studies show
that certain species have differing levels of tolerance to air
pollution.
If you hunt for lichens on branches of landscape bushes or
trees here on the Island, I suggest you bring along a loupe or
magnification device to take a peek at them close up. You will
be amazed at their minute micro world. Enjoy hunting for
them, and perhaps, you too will be “likin’” lichens! NK
WINTER/SPRING 2018 • VOLUME 39
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