Naturally Kiawah Magazine Volume 35 | Page 50

it is all about gathering pollen and nectar to provide food and make honey. The honey bee colony worker population can be between 50,000 and 60,000, whereas a bumble bee colony has about 120 workers. Honey production is a well-engineered series of biological behaviors and chemical reactions. Nectar is composed of water and sucrose that must be broken down to less complex sugars via an enzyme. With honey bees, the resulting substance is transferred into hexagonal comb cells where the bees keep the temperature constant and water evaporation can occur. Interestingly, honey is comprised of a low pH (acidic), making it resistant to mold, bacteria, and fungi once sealed into the honeycombs. The usage of the honey is where these two types of bees differ. Bumble bees do not produce honeycombs or store honey. All products are eaten by the colony and the queen, and all but a new queen die off in the winter. Honey bees utilize the stored honey as a critical winter and