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HOOTH LOSS AND RISK FACTORS AMONG ELDERLY VIETNAMESE
( Mean ± SD , 8.8 ± 7.9 ); rural residents ( 8.8 ± 7.6 ); time in education ≤5 years ( 10.2 ± 7.7 ); frequency of teeth cleaning ≤1 time / day ( 8.7 ± 7.3 ); last visit to dentist > 1 year ago ( 8.2 ± 7.5 ); tobacco smoking ( 9.4 ± 7.6 ), and no alcohol drinking ( 8.3 ± 7.2 ).
Table 1 . The prevalence of tooth loss for each functional group among elderly Vietnamese
Functional group
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
Upper jaw
27.9
15.5
37.6
Prevalence of tooth loss (%)
Lower jaw
30.6
12.0
34.1
Both
42.2
20.9
50.4
p-value
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
Molar
77.5
74.8
89.1
< 0.001
Chi-square test
According to the distribution of a number of lost teeth , 27.1 % of the elderly participants had lost 1 – 3 teeth , 23.6 % 4 – 6 teeth , 27.1 % 7 – 16 teeth and 13.6 % > 16 teeth ; only 8.6 % had full dentition . There was a significant correlation between the distribution of a number of lost teeth and time in education , and alcohol drinking ( p < 0.05 , Table 2 ).
Having > 6 lost teeth was statistically significantly related to time in education , frequency of cleaning teeth , tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking ( Table 2 ). However , the odds ratio of losing > 6 teeth was calculated for time in education , tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking .
Table 2 . Mean tooth loss and tooth number class percentages in relation to risk factors
Variables
n (%)
Tooth loss
p- value a
Number of lost teeth (%)
p- value b
Dichotomized number of lost teeth
p- value b
Age 65-69
129 ( 50 )
Mean ± SD
6 . 6 ± 6 . 0
70-74
129 ( 50 )
Gender
Female
128 ( 49.6 )
Male
130 ( 50.4 )
Residence
Rural
121 ( 46.9 )
Urban
137 ( 53.1 )
Time in education
≤5 years
105 ( 40.7 )
8.8 ± 7.9
8.4 ± 7.0
7.1 ± 7.1
8.8 ± 7.6
6.7 ± 6.4
10.2 ±
7.7
> 5 years
153 ( 59.3 )
6.0 ± 5.9
Frequency of cleaning teeth
≤1 time / day
132 ( 51.6 )
8.7 ± 7.3
≥2 times /
124 ( 48.4 )
6.8 ± 6.7 day
Last visit to a dentist
> 1 year
191 ( 74.6 )
8.2 ± 7.5
≤1 year
65 ( 25.4 )
6.2 ± 5.3
Tobacco smoking
Yes
60 ( 23.4 )
9.4 ± 7.6
No
196 ( 76.6 )
7.3 ± 6.9
Alcohol drinking
Yes
56 ( 21.9 )
5.9 ± 6.4
No
200 ( 78.1 )
8.3 ± 7.2
Chronic disease
Yes
138 ( 53.9 )
7.0 ± 7.1
No
118 ( 46.1 )
8.5 ± 6.9
Total
258
7.6 ± 7.0
0.01 *
0.14
0.01 *
< 0.001
0.01 *
0.02 *
0.04 *
0.02 *
0.10
0
7.0 . 1
9.4
7.7
10.2
6 . 6
3.8
11.8
6.8
10.5
7.7 . 9
8.7 . 3
9.0 . 1
9.4
7.6
8.6
1-3
27.9 . 3
18.8
35.4
31.4 . 3
19.0
32.7
24.2
29.0
36.9 . 0
28.1 . 7
21.5 . 7
32.7
19.5
27.1
4-6
18.6 . 7
25.8
21.5
21.9 . 6
21.9
24.8
21.2
26.6
20.0 . 1
26.5 . 0
24.5 . 4
21.7
26.3
23.6
7-16
27.9 . 4
31.2
23.1
27.0 . 3
33.3
22.9
32.6
21.8
29.2 . 7
24.0 . 3
29.5 . 7
23.2
32.2
27.1
> 16
18.6
8 . 5
14.8
12.3
9.5 . 2
21.9
7.8
15.2
12.1
6.2 . 2
12.8 . 7
15.5
7 . 1
13.0
14.4
13.6
0.07
0.06
0.14
< 0.001
0.24
0.09
0.12
0.01 *
0.14
≤6
65.1
53.5
53.9
64.6
54.5
63.3
44.8
69.3
52.3
66.1
57.1
64.6
45.0
63.3
55.0 . 2
63.8
53.4
59.3
> 6
34.9
46.5
46.1
35.4
45.5
36.5
55.2
30.7
47.7
33.9
42.9
35.4
55.0
36.7
45.0 . 8
36.2
46.6
40.7
0.06
0.08
0.14
< 0.001
0.02 *
0.28
0.01 *
0.01 *
0.09
a
Student ’ s t-test b
Chi-square test
* p < 0.05
Table 3 shows the odds of having > 6 lost teeth was significantly more frequent among elderly persons with less time in education ( OR = 2.2 , p < 0.01 ) and tobacco smoking ( OR = 2.8 , p < 0.01 ). However , alcohol drinking was significantly inversely associated with > 6 lost teeth ( OR = 0.3 , p < 0.01 ).
4 . Discussion The main finding of this study was that there was a high prevalence of tooth loss among the elderly Vietnamese aged 65-74 . Tooth loss might impact the general health , cause the loss of mastication and reduce the quality of life 2 , 3 . Over ninety percent of the elderly Vietnamese presented tooth loss condition . This result was in line with the study conducted in the South Vietnam where 96 % of the older population had missing teeth 11 . We found that posterior teeth lost more

180 STOMA . EDUJ ( 2016 ) 3 ( 2 )