CV
Questions
HALITOSIS WITH FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE VS REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC ALIGNERS : A PILOT STUDY
CV
Luca LEVRINI
DDS , PhD , Associate Professor President , Dental Hygiene School
Director , Research Centre Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
Assistant Medical Director , Dental Clinic Fondazione Macchi Hospital , Varese , Italy
Professor Luca Levrini is President of the Dental Hygiene School and Director of the University Research Centre on “ Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine ”, at the University of Insubria , Department of Surgical and Morfological Sciences in Italy . Assistant Medical Director of the Dental Department at Fondazione Macchi Hospital ( Varese , Italy ). Free lance journalist . Member of the Medical Council in Como , Italy . Author of more than 180 scientific papers dealing with oral prevention and orthodontics , and free-lance member of some dental and medical journals . Active member of Società Italiana di Ortodonzia and Certificate speaker for Align Technology .
Questions
Which are the VSC ?
qa . VSC ( volatile sulfur compounds ) are hydrogen sulphide H2S , methyl mercaptan CH3SH and dimethylsulfide ( CH3 ) 2S ; qb . VSC are sulfur dioxide SO2 , methyl mercaptan CH3SH and dimethylsulfide ( CH3 ) 2S ; qc . VSC are hydrogen sulphide H2S , dimethyl mercaptan ( CH3 ) 2SH and dimethylsulfide ( CH3 ) 2S ; qd . VSC are hydrogen sulphide H2S , methyl mercaptan CH3SH and methylsulfide CH3S .
Which kind of instrument was used to measure the VSC ?
qa . A gascromatograph was used to measure the VSC ; qb . A halimeter was used to measure the VSC ; qc . A spectrophotometer was used to measure the VSC ; qd . Salivar strips were used to measure the VSC .
Are VSC levels higher in the orthodontic fixed group ( FG ) or in the aligner group ( AG )?
qa . The FG shows higher level of VSC ; qb . The AG shows higher level of VSC ; qc . FG and AG show the same VSC level ; qd . The FG shows lower level of VSC .
How can the measurement of halitosis be useful in orthodontic treatment ?
qa . The measurement of halitosis cannot be used for making an appropriate orthodontic treatment choice ; qb . Halitosis is an important factor in order to decide what kind of orthodontic device is better suited for a single patient ; qc . The measurement of halitosis is useful to improve the oral hygiene of the patient ; qd . Halitosis does not appear during orthodontic treatment .
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